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Evolution of Biodiversity

Evolution of Biodiversity. Lecture 3.1 Chapter 5-day 1. Evolutionary relationships Among Species. Phylogenetic trees Use TRAITS to determine how related in a species to another? Morphology Behavior Genetic similarity. Evolution Creates Biodiversity. I: Microevolution (lecture 3.1)

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Evolution of Biodiversity

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  1. Evolution of Biodiversity Lecture 3.1 Chapter 5-day 1

  2. Evolutionary relationships Among Species • Phylogenetic trees • Use TRAITS to determine how related in a species to another? • Morphology • Behavior • Genetic similarity

  3. Evolution Creates Biodiversity • I: Microevolution (lecture 3.1) • Create varieties within a species: apples, flowers • II: Macroevolution • (lecture 3.2) • Speciation

  4. Creating Genetic Diversity • Genes/Genotype • (1) MUTATION (in the copying of DNA) • (2) RECOMBINATION

  5. What type?

  6. The Blueprint • Genotype = what is inside you. Your genes

  7. Phenotype • Phenotype= what you see, it is the expressed gene • Examples: Anatomy, physiology, behavior • Influenced by the environment!

  8. Phenotype • Turtles/crocodiles • Daphinia(Water Fleas)

  9. Types of Microevolution • Artificial Selection (done by humans) • Natural Selection • Random Process

  10. (1) Artificial Selection HUMANS DECIDE who breeds with who!

  11. Do You Like to Eat Grass?

  12. (1) Artificial Selection

  13. (1) Artificial Selection • PROBLEMS! • Selecting AGAINST something may be bad • MRSA

  14. The Liger

  15. Want to see more? • Click HERE to see( scroll down to see) • Wolf dog • Zorse/Zonkey • Cama • Grolar/Pizzly • Leopon • Wolfin • Be sure to look at some the videos too!

  16. (1) Artificial Selection • Genetic engineering • Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s) • Is it ethical? • Did Nature intend for this to happen? • What would God think?

  17. (2) Natural Selection • The ENVIRONMENT determines which individuals survive and reproduce! • Wallace & Darwin • Are you fit enough to survive? • Do you have any traits (adaptations) to help you survive?

  18. (2) Natural Selection • Species produce an overabundance of offspring • Not all offspring survive • Individuals differ in their traits • (differences in) traits can be passed from parent to offspring • Differences in traits reflected in the ability to survive & reproduce

  19. (2) Natural Selection • Fitness • Adaptations • Where are all the short eared bunnies? • Ex: Living in the desert

  20. (3) Random Processes • (1) Mutation • (2) Genetic Drift • (3) Bottleneck Effect • (4) Founder Effect

  21. (1) Mutation

  22. (2) Genetic Drift

  23. Bottlenecks • Human caused: • Habitat loss • Hunting • Changes to the environment (GC∆) • Natural: • Natural disaster • Outcome • Decreased genetic variation, increased diseases, low fertility

  24. (3) Bottleneck Effect

  25. (3) Bottleneck Effect

  26. (4) Founder Effect

  27. Natural Selection, Resistance and Herbicides • PROBLEMS! • Herbicide resistant weeds • ex: Boliviananegra

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