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Ancient China

Ancient China. Isolated by natural barriers…the Gobi… the Himalayas…the sea…. Watered by rivers…the Huang He…the Chang Jiang…the Xi . The Huang He River…called China’s Sorrow due to many floods… . Also called the Yellow River due to the fine silt called loess.

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Ancient China

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  1. Ancient China

  2. Isolatedby natural barriers…the Gobi…the Himalayas…the sea….Watered by rivers…the Huang He…the Chang Jiang…the Xi

  3. The Huang He River…calledChina’s Sorrow due to many floods… Also called the Yellow River due to the fine silt called loess

  4. 1766 BCE…the Shang kingdom with Anyang as the capital Rich silt from floods makes farming the basis of the economy for centuries.

  5. Oracle Bones… • carved with China’s earliest writing, found near the river, proved the existence of the Shang Dynasty…before thought to be only legend.

  6. Questions would be written on the bones, and the oracle, often a woman, would heat the bones and put a heated copper pin to them, causing cracks to appear. She would then answer the question according to how she “read” the cracks. Often human sacrifices were made to insure the ancestors and gods would be pleased.

  7. Jade… …and bronze objects were found in tombs of the rich.

  8. After 466 years of Shang rule, the Zhou Dynasty rose to power…for the next 901 years! c. 1050-400 BCE

  9. The Mandate of Heaven gave Zhou rulers the blessings of the gods to rule.

  10. The Zhou brought order to society.

  11. In exchange for loyalty, military support and other services… • The king granted land to nobles and people of high rank.

  12. Peasants(people with small farms) were at the bottom of the social order. Each peasant family got a small plot of land and had to farm extra land for the noble.

  13. Eventually the lords began to reject the authority of the Zhou kings, bringing about the Warring States Period…200 years of civil war.

  14. Confucius, who became the most influential teacher in Chinese history, lived during this time.He was upset by the chaos and people’s lack of morality and felt people needed to return to ethics, or moral values.The ideas of Confucius are known as Confucianism.A book called The Analectscontain his teachings.

  15. The AnalectsThe followers of Confucius placed their teacher’s sayingstogether in a work called in Chinese the Lun Y and in EnglishThe Analects. The word analects means “writings that havebeen collected.”“Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, say that you know it; when you do not know a thing, admit that you do not know it. That is knowledge.”“Is there any one word that can serve as a principle forlife? Perhaps the word is reciprocity [fairness]: Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”“I do not enlighten anyone who is not eager to learn, nor encourage anyone who is not anxious to put his ideas into words.”–Confucius, from The Analects

  16. Confucius taught the importance of family. People give thanks before their family shrine. Only the men participate.

  17. Competing for followers at the same time, Taoism takes its name from the “Tao,” which means “the way.” Taoism beliefs: • People should live in harmony with the Tao, considered to be the guiding force of all reality. • No one should interfere with nature or each other. • Government should not interfere with people’s lives. • The universe is a balance of opposites.

  18. Taoism teaches that humans are just a part of nature… No better than an any other thing.

  19. Laozi, the most famous Taoist teacher, wrote the basic text of Taoism, The Way and Its Power.

  20. And yet another belief system competed for followers: LEGALISM… The belief that people are bad by nature and need to be controlled. Not only the guilty should be punished by their neighbors and relatives as well. Then everyone would obey the laws.

  21. The Warring States period ends when the Qin kingdom … C. 221-206 BCE Defeats the other 7 kingdoms…

  22. ..And China is unified into an empire… Under the rule of Ying Zheng.

  23. Ying declared himself to beShi Haungdi…“first emperor” He standardized law, writing, money, weights, and axle widths throughout his empire. Following his legalistic beliefs, he created a strong government with strict laws.

  24. Accomplishments under the 15-year reign of Qin Shi Haungdi: • Unified China • Built a network of roads and canals • Built an irrigation system to improve farming • Built the Great Wall across northern China, which kept invaders out for over a thousand years

  25. THE GREAT WALL Click on slide for hyperlink to Great Wall

  26. Qin Shi Huangdi died in 210 BC In 1974, after over 2,000 years, his tomb was discovered, surrounded by over 6,000 life-sized terra cotta warriors, as well as cavalry and chariots.

  27. The next dynasty, theHan. Would last more than 400 years… From 206BCE until 220 CE.

  28. Liu Bang, the first Han emperor, was the first peasant to rule China. Liked by peasants and soldiers, he came to power due to the Mandate of Heaven

  29. When Wudi came to power In 140 BCE… He made Confucianism the official government Philosophy of the Han kingdom.

  30. If a person could pass a test on Confucian teachings… He could get a good job working for the government.

  31. And peasants got promoted! Highest class: The emperor, his court and scholars Second class: The peasants, who produced the food Third class: The artisans, who produced needed items for daily life Fourth class: The merchants, who produced nothing!

  32. Han Achievements

  33. Figure painting bronze art objects

  34. Seismograph

  35. ACUPUNCTURE

  36. Silk Weaving The Chinese kept the art of silk-making a secret for centuries. Revealing the secret was punishable by death.

  37. An ancient craft… In a modern world.

  38. Silk Worm Humor

  39. The Silk Road

  40. It wasn’t easy! Traders with camels loaded down with valuable items such as jade and silk traveled together in caravans. Armed guards were hired for protection against thieves. An equally valuable item likely to be stolen if attacked was water! Weather was also a concern as the travelers endured icy blizzards, scorching heat and blinding sandstorms.

  41. An ancient Silk Road map… Watchtower Taklimakan Desert Gobi sunset

  42. Buddhism Comes to China The Silk brought more than trade to China. Buddhist Missionaries brought the religion there from India in the first century AD. This is a great example of cultural diffusion, (the spread of ideas from one culture to another.) The offer of rebirth and relief from suffering was the main reason the Chinese embraced Buddhism.

  43. The Period of Disunion 220-589 CE • The fall of the Han Dynasty brought with it a period of disorder. • Again there was cultural diffusion as nomadic people moved into north China, and Chinese people moved to escape their rule. • New types of art and music developed and new styles of food and clothing became popular.

  44. The Sui, Tang and Son • During the Sui Dynasty (589-618 CE) the Grand Canal was begun, linking northern and southern China. • The only woman to rule China, Empress Wu, came to the thrown during the Tang Dynasty.

  45. Chinese Inventions Paper money gunpowder porcelain compass

  46. The Yuan Dynasty Conquerors from the North

  47. The Ming Dynasty The Forbidden City, a complex of over a thousand buildings, is built in China’s capital. Built for the royal family, his court and servants, ordinary people were forbidden to enter. Improved shipbuilding aids Zheng He on seven great Sea voyages.

  48. Isolationism and the End of the Dynasties • In the 1430’s a new Ming emperor forced Zheng He to return to China and dismantle his fleet of ships. He also ceased foreign trade, thus cutting off contact with other countries. China’s doors closed to the outside world. The Ming Dynasty ended in 1644. The growth of European influence greatly expanded in China.

  49. Links http://www.artsmia.org/world-myths/ http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/timeline.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/chinamum/ http://www.npm.gov.tw/en/collection/selections_01.htm http://www.mrdowling.com/613chinesehistory.html http://www.chinapage.com/china.html http://www.ancientchina.co.uk/menu.html

  50. Bibliography • World History. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 2008. • PowerPoint by Marty Masker The End

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