The Rise of Totalitarianism

1. The Rise of Totalitarianism

2. Two Ways to Keep Control

3. Vocabulary to Know

4. Totalitarianism • A system of government where the state has absolute power and control over all aspects of civilian life.

5. Communism • A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people. • Totalitarian

6. Fascism • A system of government that promotes nation and often race above the individual • Totalitarian

7. Anti-Semitism • Prejudice or hatred towards Jews

8. Inflation • An increase in the price you pay for goods

9. Appeasement • Adiplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to an aggressor.

10. Isolationism • A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups or nations.

11. Brief Overview of the Unit

12. ' 22 Oct 1922 Aug 1926 Jun 1930 Apr 1934 Feb 1938 Dec 1941 Oct 1945 Aug 1949 ' 53 Japan Invades Manchuria Nanking Massacre 9/19/31 12/13/37 Mussolini Rules in Italy 10/31/22 7/25/43 Stalin Rules in Russia 1/1/29 3/5/53 The Great Depression 10/29/29 12/31/39 Hitler Rules in Germany 1/30/33 4/30/45 Franco Rules in Spain 10/1/36 3/5/53 World War II Begins 9/1/39 9/2/45 Made with Office Timeline 2010 www.officetimeline.com

13. Essential Questions • What is the Gulag and why were people sent there? • Define totalitarianism and provide two characteristics found in most totalitarian governments. • What is Fascism and why did it rise to power in the placesthat it did?

14. Communism in the Soviet Union

15. Stalin • Leader of the SovietUnion from 1929-1953 • Totalitarian • Ruthlessly Held Power

16. How Many Died? • 20 Million on a Low Estimate • 60 Million on a High Estimate

17. Cheka/NKVD/KGB • Secret Police • Gathered Intelligence • Ran the GulagSystem

18. The Gulag • Consisted of 476separate laborcamps

19. Who was sent to the Gulag? • Kulaks (Rich Farmers) • “Bloodsuckers, vampires, plunderers of the people and profiteers, who fatten on famine.” – Lenin • Supporters of another political party. • Former Bolshevik party members. • Soviet POWs (Soviets caught by Germany during WWII) and deserters • Hard criminals (robbers, rapists, murderers) • Soft criminals (petty theft, being late to work) • Families and friends of “criminals”

20. The Purges • The Great Purge from 1936-1938 • Kulaks, clergymen, counterrevolutionaries

21. The Holodomor • Occurred in Ukraine between 1932 and 1933 • Caused by intentional Soviet famine. • 3-7 million people died. • 23 million in the country total in 1931! • Millions more of unborn children due to malnourishment. • Also called “The Terror Famine”

25. The Great Depression

26. ' 22 Oct 1922 Aug 1926 Jun 1930 Apr 1934 Feb 1938 Dec 1941 Oct 1945 Aug 1949 ' 53 Japan Invades Manchuria Nanking Massacre 9/19/31 12/13/37 Mussolini Rules in Italy 10/31/22 7/25/43 Stalin Rules in Russia 1/1/29 3/5/53 The Great Depression 10/29/29 12/31/39 Hitler Rules in Germany 1/30/33 4/30/45 Franco Rules in Spain 10/1/36 3/5/53 World War II Begins 9/1/39 9/2/45 Made with Office Timeline 2010 www.officetimeline.com

27. The Great Depression: • Period of economic decline that occurred around the world. • In most countries unemployment rose above 20 or 30%

28. Unemployment

29. World Economic Conference Activity: What Caused the Great Depression? Atlantis Arguing for Overproduction Utopiaville Arguing for Protectionism Hogwarts Arguing for Reparations Republic of Edison Arguing for the Stock Market Crash Patchland Arguing for Unequal Wealth Read Your Information Sheet. Argue for Your Cause, While Others in the Group Listen and Fill Out Their Worksheet. As a Group, Come to a Consensus on the Main Cause of the Great Depression.

30. Five Causes of the Great Depression • Reparations Payments and War Debts • Global system of loans and debts left world financially unstable. • Overproduction in Agriculture • Paradoxically, too much food led to loss of jobs. There was nobody buying all the food produced. • The Stock Market Crash • Caused a string of bank closures and unemployment. • Inequitable Income Distribution • The poor took up credit lines to afford basic needs. • Protectionism • Taxes on imports/exports caused global trade to halt.

31. Effects of the Great Depression • Poor economic conditions mean radical governments start taking hold around the world.

32. Totalitarianism Characteristics

33. Characteristics

34. Secret Police

35. Censorship of Press and Media

36. Cult of Personality

40. Totalitarianism vs. Communism vs. Fascism

41. Fascism in Italy

42. Problems After WWI

43. Benito Mussolini • “Il Duce” • Took power in 1922via military coup (theMarch on Rome) • Promised to rebuild Italyand recreate RomanEmpire • Militaristic • Distrusted democracyand believed in a unifiedItalian state

44. “Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived in their relation to the State.” - Benito Mussolini

45. Invasion of Ethiopia (1935-1936) • Mussolini invades Ethiopia for land and for revenge • Italy had lost a war with Ethiopia in 1896. • League of Nations did nothing to stop him.

46. Fascism in Germany

47. ' 22 Oct 1922 Aug 1926 Jun 1930 Apr 1934 Feb 1938 Dec 1941 Oct 1945 Aug 1949 ' 53 Japan Invades Manchuria Nanking Massacre 9/19/31 12/13/37 Mussolini Rules in Italy 10/31/22 7/25/43 Stalin Rules in Russia 1/1/29 3/5/53 The Great Depression 10/29/29 12/31/39 Hitler Rules in Germany 1/30/33 4/30/45 Franco Rules in Spain 10/1/36 3/5/53 World War II Begins 9/1/39 9/2/45 Made with Office Timeline 2010 www.officetimeline.com

48. Germany After WWI • Very poor economy. • Hyperinflation. • High unemployment. • German power and prestige lessened.

49. Adolf Hitler • Rejected from art schoolas a teenager • Joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party • Wanted to start the ThirdReich in Germany • Became chancellor ofGermany in 1933 • Would quickly take more andmore power. • Became “Fuhrer” in 1934when the president of Germanydies.