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1814

1814. The enormity of 1814. WHY 1814 – iN 1814?. The upheavals of 1814 were the result of several factors : The world : Notions of freedom and power politics The Nordic region: War , years of want and Sweden’s desire for Norway

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1814

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  1. 1814

  2. The enormityof 1814 Presentation

  3. WHY 1814 – iN 1814? The upheavalsof 1814 weretheresultofseveralfactors: • The world: Notionsoffreedom and powerpolitics • The Nordic region: War, yearsofwant and Sweden’sdesire for Norway • Norway: Increasedself-identity and domesticdiscontent Presentation

  4. Norway in january 1814 • Poorpeasantsociety • Under Danish rule Presentation

  5. Turning points in 1814 • Treatyof Kiel: 14 January 1814 • Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll: 10 April – 20 May • Convention of Moss: 14 August • RevisedConstitution and Union withSweden: 4 November Presentation

  6. 1814 The Treaty of Kiel14 January 1814

  7. The peaceofkiel, 14 january Karl Johan and Swedenattacked and defeatedDenmark Presentation

  8. The treatyofkiel Presentation

  9. Scope for revolt “Sweden was not immediately able to seize the prize that Denmark had been compelled to surrender.” (Jens Arup Seip) Presentation

  10. Revolt from above • The Danish successor to thethrone Christian Frederik mobilized Norwegian revolt againsttheTreatyof Kiel in February1814 Presentation

  11. Meeting ofNotables at eidsvoll, 16 february • “Nobody has more Right now to the Norwegian Crown than I or any other Norwegian.” Georg Sverdrup Presentation

  12. Elections to theconstituentassembly • Extraordinarydayofprayer, 25 February: • Oathofindependence in thechurches • Electionof representatives Presentation

  13. 1814 Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll

  14. ConstituentAssembly, 10 april – 20 may • 112 representatives weregathered at Eidsvoll for 40 days to draft a Norwegian constitution. Presentation

  15. chAIN OF EVENTS: 12 to 19 April: Constituent Assembly elected committees and debated important questions of principal. 20 April to 3 May: Most important work done in the committees – in particular the Constitution Committee, which drafted proposals on what the Constitution should l0ok like. 4 to 11 May: Draft constitution deliberated in plenary session, with voting done article by article. 12 to 20 May: A committee examined the adopted text of the Constitution in order to give it the “finishing touches”. The Constitution was adopted as a complete document on 16 May. The Constitution was signed on 17 May and Christian Frederik was elected King the same day. The assembly was formally dissolved on 19 May, and delegates took their leave the following day. Presentation

  16. The constitution Sovereigntyofthepeople Separationofpowers Human and civilrights Presentation

  17. Independence or union? • The Constituent Assembly also had to clarify Norway’s relations with Sweden. • “The Independence Party” • “The Union Party” Presentation

  18. “Norway’s old throne is resurrected” Presentation

  19. 1814 The Convention of Moss 14 August 1814

  20. Alone in europe Presentation

  21. Short-livedwar Karl Johan back from thecampaign in Europe • Went to warwith Norway on 26 July to securetheprize from Kiel • Swift Swedishadvance and Norwegian retreat Presentation

  22. PEACE PROPOSAL AND NEGOTIATIONS • 7 August: Karl Johan pledged to respectthe 17 May Constitution in a newpeaceproposal • 10–14 August: Negotiationsonthe terms ofpeacetookplace in Moss Presentation

  23. The Convention ofMoss • Peace treatysigned in Moss on 14 August Presentation

  24. 1814 The November Constitution

  25. The storting convened for the first time The first extraordinary Storting • The Storting met for thethe first time on 7 October 1814 • Christian Frederik abdicatedon 10 October • Formally, it wasthe Storting thatwas to vote for the union withSweden and theSwedishking Presentation

  26. negotiationsontheconstitution Presentation

  27. The 4 november constitution Presentation

  28. Into a new union Presentation

  29. Freedom as a gift? • Ever since 1814, historians and others have debated what really happened in 1814. • “Freedom as a gift” • Domestic processes Presentation

  30. Christian Frederik • Saviour and hero, or tool and socialite? Presentation

  31. Swedish-norwegian war, summer 1814 Presentation

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