1 / 12

Nosocomial Infections and Infection Control

Nosocomial Infections and Infection Control. Dr. Ihsan Edan Alsaimary Department Of Microbiology College Of Medicine – University Of Basrah Iraq. Nosocomial infections (Hospital Acquired Infections). Most Common Types of Nosocomial Infections.

gina
Télécharger la présentation

Nosocomial Infections and Infection Control

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nosocomial Infections and Infection Control Dr. Ihsan Edan Alsaimary Department Of Microbiology College Of Medicine – University Of Basrah Iraq

  2. Nosocomial infections(Hospital Acquired Infections)

  3. Most Common Types of Nosocomial Infections • These are infections that develop during hospitalization and are present in patients at the time of admission. • Most Common Types of Nosocomial Infections: 1. Urinary tract infections. 2. Surgical wound infections. 3. Lower respiratory Tract infections (primarily pneumonia). 4. Bloodstream infections (septicaemia)

  4. Modes of Transmission of Infections 1. Contact: - Direct e.g., hands of hospital personnel. - Indirect e.g., using contaminated objects. 2. Contaminated vehicles used in common for patients e.g., instruments, contaminated food, water, solutions, drugs or blood products. • Airborne e.g., aerosol, droplets or dust.

  5. Modes of Transmission of Infections (Cont’d) 4. Vector borne: e.g., mosquitoes. 5. Blood borne: inoculation injury or sexual transmission e.g., HBV, HIV.

  6. Patients Most Likely to Develop Nosocomial Infections • Elderly patients. • Women in labor and delivery. • Premature infants and newborns. • Surgical and burn patients. • Diabetic and cancer patients. • Patients receiving treatment with steroids, anticancer drugs, antilymphocyte serum, and radiation.

  7. Patients Most Likely to Develop Nosocomial Infections (Cont’d) • Immunosupressed patients (I. e., patients whose immune systems are not functioning properly) • Patients who are paralyzed or are undergoing renal dialysis or catheterization; quite often, these patient’s normal defence mechanisms are not functioning properly)

  8. Major Factors Contributing to Nosocomial Infections • An ever- increasing number of drug-resistant pathogens. • Lack of awareness of routine infection control measures. • Neglect of aseptic techniques and safety precautions. • Lengthy complicated surgeries. • Overcrowding of hospitals.

  9. Major Factors Contributing to Nosocomial Infections (Cont’d) • Shortage of hospital staff. • An increased number of Immunosupressed patients. • The overuse and improper use of indwelling medical devices.

  10. Infection Control

  11. Prevention of Nosocomial Infections • Education of hospital staff in: - Hygiene in theatre, wards, kitchen…etc. - Good surgical techniques. - Frequent handwashing. • Proper sterilization and disinfection. • Special precautions and isolation of infective patients.

  12. Prevention of Nosocomial Infections (Cont’d) • Protective precautions for high risk patients, e.g., Immunosupressed. • Conservative antibiotic use. • Surveillance of infections in the hospital by infection control staff.

More Related