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Essential Genetic Symbols for Crossbreeding Analysis in Diploid Organisms

This guide outlines key genetic symbols used for crosses in diploid organisms. It explains the meanings of notations such as 'a/a' for alleles, 'X' for mating types, and the significance of '+' indicating the wild-type gene. The document delves into various genetic scenarios including self-crosses involving hermaphrodite worms and the implications of linked versus unlinked crosses. It also addresses genotypic and phenotypic ratios in progeny, aiding in understanding inheritance patterns. Ideal for students and researchers in genetics.

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Essential Genetic Symbols for Crossbreeding Analysis in Diploid Organisms

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  1. Symbols to Know for Crosses • a/a – a is the allele and / represents the two chromatids – there are two alleles for a diploid organism • a b/a b – two different genes on the same chromosome • a/a ; b/b – two different genes on different chromosomes ; designated separate chromosomes • X – symbolizes mating between two different individuals • X - symbolizes a self cross – when the hermaphrodite worms fertilize their own eggs • + is the wild type or non-mutant form of a gene

  2. Hermaphrodite Parent genotype dpy/dpy; +/+ +/+ ; +/0 Male Parent genotype X Creating a heterozygous male Female gametes Male gametes Progeny genotype Progeny phenotypes and ratios Which progeny are you continuing with? Why?

  3. Linkage 1: Cross with Unlinked unc Hermaphrodite Parent genotype +/+ ; unc/unc Male Parent genotype X Female gametes Male gametes F1 Progeny genotype and ratios F1 Progeny phenotypes

  4. Linkage 2: Selfing of hermaphrodite from unlinked cross hermaphrodite self cross X gametes Progeny genotype Progeny phenotypes and ratios

  5. Linkage 1: Crossing with Linked unc Hermaphrodite Parent genotype Male Parent genotype + unc/+ unc X Female gametes Male gametes Progeny genotype Progeny phenotypes and ratios Which progeny are you continuing with? Why?

  6. Linkage 2: Selfing of hermaphrodite from linked cross hermaphrodite self cross X gametes Progeny genotype Progeny phenotypes and ratios

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