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The OptIPuter Project— Eliminating Bandwidth as a Barrier to Collaboration and Analysis

The OptIPuter Project— Eliminating Bandwidth as a Barrier to Collaboration and Analysis. DARPA Microsystems Technology Office Arlington, VA December 13, 2002. Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Harry E. Gruber Professor,

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The OptIPuter Project— Eliminating Bandwidth as a Barrier to Collaboration and Analysis

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  1. The OptIPuter Project—Eliminating Bandwidth as a Barrier to Collaboration and Analysis DARPA Microsystems Technology Office Arlington, VA December 13, 2002 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

  2. Abstract The OptIPuter is a radical distributed visualization, teleimmersion, data mining, and computing architecture. The National Science Foundation recently awarded a six-campus research consortium a five-year large Information Technology Research grant to construct working prototypes of the OptIPuter on campus, regional, national, and international scales. The OptIPuter project is driven by applications leadership from two scientific communities, the US National NSF's EarthScope and the National Institutes of Health's Biomedical Imaging Research Network (BIRN), both of which are beginning to produce a flood of large 3D data objects (e.g., 3D brain images or a SAR terrain datasets) which are stored in distributed federated data repositories. Essentially, the OptIPuter is a "virtual metacomputer" in which the individual "processors" are widely distributed Linux PC clusters; the "backplane" is provided by Internet Protocol (IP) delivered over multiple dedicated 1-10 Gbps optical wavelengths; and, the "mass storage systems" are large distributed scientific data repositories, fed by scientific instruments as OptIPuter peripheral devices, operated in near real-time. Collaboration, visualization, and teleimmersion tools are provided on tiled mono or stereo super-high definition screens directly connected to the OptIPuter to enable distributed analysis and decision making. The OptIPuter project aims at the re-optimization of the entire Grid stack of software abstractions, learning how, as George Gilder suggests, to "waste" bandwidth and storage in order to conserve increasingly "scarce" high-end computing and people time in this new world of inverted values.

  3. The Move to Data-Intensive Science & Engineering-e-Science Community Resources Sloan Digital Sky Survey ALMA LHC ATLAS

  4. A LambdaGrid Will Be the Backbone for an e-Science Network Apps Middleware Clusters C O N T R O L P L A N E Dynamically Allocated Lightpaths Switch Fabrics Physical Monitoring Source: Joe Mambretti, NU

  5. Just Like in Computing --Different FLOPS for Different Folks A -> Need Full Internet Routing B -> Need VPN Services On/And Full Internet Routing C -> Need Very Fat Pipes, Limited Multiple Virtual Organizations Bandwidth consumed A Number of users B C DSL GigE LAN Source: Cees Delaat

  6. OptIPuter NSF Proposal Partnered with National Experts and Infrastructure SURFnet CERN Asia Pacific CA*net4 Vancouver CA*net4 Seattle Pacific Light Rail Portland Chicago NYC UIC NU PSC San Francisco TeraGridDTFnet Asia Pacific NCSA CENIC USC UCI Los Angeles UCSD, SDSU Atlanta San Diego (SDSC) AMPATH Source: Tom DeFanti and Maxine Brown, UIC

  7. The OptIPuter is an Experimental Network Research Project • Driven by Large Neuroscience and Earth Science Data • Multiple Lambdas Linking Clusters and Storage • LambdaGrid Software Stack • Integration with PC Clusters • Interactive Collaborative Volume Visualization • Lambda Peer to Peer Storage With Optimized Storewidth • Enhance Security Mechanisms • Rethink TCP/IP Protocols • NSF Large Information Technology Research Proposal • UCSD and UIC Lead Campuses—Larry Smarr PI • USC, UCI, SDSU, NW Partnering Campuses • Industrial Partners: IBM, Telcordia/SAIC, Chiaro Networks • $13.5 Million Over Five Years

  8. The OptIPuter Frontier Advisory Board • Optical Component Research • Shaya Fainman, UCSD • Sadik Esener, UCSD • Alan Willner, USC • Frank Shi, UCI • Joe Ford, UCSD • Optical Networking Systems • Dan Blumenthal, UCSB • George Papen, UCSD • Joe Mambretti, Northwestern University • Steve Wallach, Chiaro Networks, Ltd. • George Clapp, Telcordia/SAIC • Tom West, CENIC • Data and Storage • Yannis Papakonstantinou, UCSD • Paul Siegel, UCSD • Clusters, Grid, and Computing • Alan Benner, IBM eServer Group, Systems Architecture and Performance department • Fran Berman, SDSC director • Ian Foster, Argonne National Laboratory • Generalists • Franz Birkner, FXB Ventures and San Diego Telecom Council • Forest Baskett, Venture Partner with New Enterprise Associates • Mohan Trivedi, UCSD First Meeting February 6-7, 2003

  9. The First OptIPuter Workshopon Optical Switch Products • Hosted by Calit2 @ UCSD • October 25, 2002 • Organized by Maxine Brown (UIC) and Greg Hidley (UCSD) • Full Day Open Presentations by Vendors and OptIPuter Team • Examined Variety of Technology Offerings: • OEOEO • TeraBurst Networks • OEO • Chiaro Networks • OOO • Glimmerglass • Calient • IMMI

  10. OptIPuter Inspiration--Node of a 2009 PetaFLOPS Supercomputer 24 Bytes wide 240 GB/s DRAM – 16 GB 64/256 MB - HIGHLY INTERLEAVED 5 Terabits/s DRAM - 4 GB - HIGHLY INTERLEAVED MULTI-LAMBDA Optical Network CROSS BAR Coherence • GB/s 2nd LEVEL CACHE 2nd LEVEL CACHE 8 MB 8 MB 24 Bytes wide 240 GB/s VLIW/RISC CORE 40 GFLOPS 10 GHz VLIW/RISC CORE 40 GFLOPS 10 GHz ... Updated From Steve Wallach, Supercomputing 2000 Keynote

  11. Global Architecture of a 2009 COTS PetaFLOPS System 128 Die/Box 4 CPU/Die • meters= • 50 nanosec Delay 3 4 ... 5 2 16 1 17 64 ALL-OPTICAL SWITCH 18 63 ... ... 32 49 48 Multi-Die Multi-Processor ... 33 47 46 I/O Systems Become GRID Enabled LAN/WAN Source: Steve Wallach, Supercomputing 2000 Keynote

  12. Convergence of Networking Fabrics • Today's Computer Room • Router For External Communications (WAN) • Ethernet Switch For Internal Networking (LAN) • Fibre Channel For Internal Networked Storage (SAN) • Tomorrow's Grid Room • A Unified Architecture Of LAN/WAN/SAN Switching • More Cost Effective • One Network Element vs. Many • One Sphere of Scalability • ALL Resources are GRID Enabled • Layer 3 Switching and Addressing Throughout Source: Steve Wallach, Chiaro Networks

  13. The OptIPuter Philosophy Bandwidth is getting cheaper faster than storage.Storage is getting cheaper faster than computing. Exponentials are crossing. “A global economy designed to waste transistors, power, and silicon area -and conserve bandwidth above all- is breaking apart and reorganizing itself to waste bandwidth and conserve power, silicon area, and transistors." George Gilder Telecosm (2000)

  14. From SuperComputers to SuperNetworks--Changing the Grid Design Point • The TeraGrid is Optimized for Computing • 1024 IA-64 Nodes Linux Cluster • Assume 1 GigE per Node = 1 Terabit/s I/O • Grid Optical Connection 4x10Gig Lambdas = 40 Gigabit/s • Optical Connections are Only 4% Bisection Bandwidth • The OptIPuter is Optimized for Bandwidth • 32 IA-64 Node Linux Cluster • Assume 1 GigE per Processor = 32 gigabit/s I/O • Grid Optical Connection 4x10GigE = 40 Gigabit/s • Optical Connections are Over 100% Bisection Bandwidth

  15. Data Intensive Scientific Applications Require Experimental Optical Networks • Large Data Challenges in Neuro and Earth Sciences • Each Data Object is 3D and Gigabytes • Data are Generated and Stored in Distributed Archives • Research is Carried Out on Federated Repository • Requirements • Computing Requirements  PC Clusters • Communications  Dedicated Lambdas Over Fiber • Data  Large Peer-to-Peer Lambda Attached Storage • Visualization  Collaborative Volume Algorithms • Response • OptIPuter Research Project

  16. The Biomedical Informatics Research Network a Multi-Scale Brain Imaging Federated Repository BIRN Test-beds: Multiscale Mouse Models of Disease, Human Brain Morphometrics, and FIRST BIRN (10 site project for fMRI’s of Schizophrenics) NIH Plans to Expand to Other Organs and Many Laboratories

  17. Microscopy Imaging of Neural Tissue Marketta Bobik Francisco Capani & Eric Bushong Confocal image of a sagittal section through rat cortex triple labeled for glial fibrillary acidic protein (blue), neurofilaments (green) and actin (red) Projection of a series of optical sections through a Purkinje neuron revealing both the overall morphology (red) and the dendritic spines (green) http://ncmir.ucsd.edu/gallery.html

  18. Interactive Visual Analysis of Large Datasets --East Pacific Rise Seafloor Topography Scripps Institution of Oceanography Visualization Center http://siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/library/gallery/shoot1/index.shtml

  19. Tidal Wave Threat AnalysisUsing Lake Tahoe Bathymetry Graham Kent, SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography Visualization Center http://siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/library/gallery/shoot1/index.shtml

  20. SIO Uses the Visualization Center to Teach a Wide Variety of Graduate Classes Geodesy Gravity and Geomagnetism Planetary Physics Radar and Sonar Interferometry Seismology Tectonics Time Series Analysis Deborah Kilb & Frank Vernon, SIO Multiple Interactive Views of Seismic Epicenter and Topography Databases http://siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/library/gallery/shoot2/index.shtml

  21. NSF’s EarthScope Rollout Over 14 Years Starting With Existing Broadband Stations

  22. Metro Optically Linked Visualization Wallswith Industrial Partners Set Stage for Federal Grant • Driven by SensorNets Data • Real Time Seismic • Environmental Monitoring • Distributed Collaboration • Emergency Response • Linked UCSD and SDSU • Dedication March 4, 2002 Linking Control Rooms UCSD SDSU Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks SD Telecom Council 44 Miles of Cox Fiber

  23. Extending the Optical Grid to Oil and Gas Research • Society for Exploration Geophysicists in Salt Lake City Oct. 6-11, 2002 • Optically Linked Visualization Walls • 80 Miles of Fiber from BP Visualization Lab from Univ. of Colorado • OC-48 Both Ways • Interactive Collaborative Visualization of Seismic Cubes & Reservoir Models • SGI, TeraBurst Industrial Partners • Organized by SDSU and Cal-(IT)2 Source: Eric Frost, SDSU

  24. The UCSD OptIPuter Deployment The OptIPuter Experimental UCSD Campus Optical Network ½ Mile To CENIC Phase I, Fall 02 Phase I, Fall 02 Phase II, 2003 Phase II, 2003 Collocation point Collocation point Production Router (Planned) SDSC SDSC SDSCAnnex SDSCAnnex Preuss High School JSOE Engineering UCSD New Cost Sharing Roughly $250k of Dedicated Fiber CRCA Arts Medicine SOM 6thCollege UndergradCollege Chemistry Phys. Sci -Keck Roughly, $0.20 / Strand-Foot Node M Collocation Chiaro Router (Installed Nov 18, 2002) Earth Sciences SIO Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC; Greg Hidley, Cal-(IT)2

  25. OptIPuter LambdaGridEnabled by Chiaro Networking Router Medical Imaging and Microscopy Chemistry, Engineering, Arts Chiaro Enstara San Diego Supercomputer Center Scripps Institution of Oceanography switch switch switch switch www.calit2.net/news/2002/11-18-chiaro.html • Cluster – Disk • Disk – Disk • Viz – Disk • DB – Cluster • Cluster – Cluster Image Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

  26. We Chose OptIPuter for Fast Switching and Scalability Chiaro Optical Phased Array MEMS Bubble Electrical Fabrics Large Port Count Electrical Fabrics Small Port Count Lithium Niobate l Switching Speeds (ms) Packet Switching Speeds (ns)

  27. Optical Phased Array –Multiple Parallel Optical Waveguides Input Optical Fiber Output Fibers GaAs Waveguides WG #1 WG #128 Air Gap

  28. Chiaro Has a Scalable, Fully Fault Tolerant Architecture Significant Technical Innovation OPA Fabric Enables Large Port Count Global Arbitration Provides Guaranteed Performance Fault-Tolerant Control System Provides Non-stop Performance Smart Line Cards ASICs With Programmable Network Processors Software Downloads For Features And Standards Evolution Network Proc. Line Card Network Proc. Line Card Chiaro OPA Fabric Network Proc. Line Card Network Proc. Line Card Global Arbitration Optical Electrical

  29. Planned Chicago Metro Lambda Switching OptIPuter Laboratory Internationals: Canada, Holland, CERN, GTRN, AmPATH, Asia… Int’l GE, 10GE 16x10 GE 16x1 GE Metro GE, 10GE 16-Processor McKinley at University of Illinois at Chicago 16-Processor Montecito/Chivano at Northwestern StarLight 10x1 GE + 1x10GE Nat’l GE, 10GE Nationals: Illinois, California, Wisconsin, Indiana, Abilene, FedNets. Washington, Pennsylvania… Source: Tom DeFanti, UIC

  30. OptIPuter Software Research • Near-term: Build Software To Support Advancement Of Applications With Traditional Models • High Speed IP Protocol Variations (RBUDP, SABUL, …) • Switch Control Software For DWDM Management And Dynamic Setup • Distributed Configuration Management For OptIPuter Systems • Long-Term Goals To Develop: • System Model Which Supports Grid, Single System, And Multi-System Views • Architectures Which Can: • Harness High Speed DWDM • Present To The Applications And Protocols • New Communication Abstractions Which Make Lambda-Based Communication Easily Usable • New Communication & Data Services Which Exploit The Underlying Communication Abstractions • Underlying Data Movement & Management Protocols Supporting These Services • “Killer App” Drivers And Demonstrations Which Leverage This Capability Into The Wireless Internet Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD

  31. OptIPuter System Opportunities • What’s The Right View Of The System? • Grid View • Federation Of Systems – Autonomously Managed, Separate Security, No Implied Trust Relationships, No Transitive Trust • High Overhead – Administrative And Performance • Web Services And Grid Services View • Single System View • More Static Federation Of Systems • A Single Trusted Administrative Control, Implied Trust Relationships, Transitive Trust Relationships • But This Is Not Quite A Closed System Box • High Performance • Securing A Basic System And Its Capabilities • Communication, Data, Operating System Coordination Issues • Multi-System View • Can We Create Single System Views Out Of Grid System Views? • Delivering The Performance; Boundaries On Trust Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD

  32. OptIPuter Communication Challenges • Terminating A Terabit Link In An Application System • --> Not A Router • Parallel Termination With Commodity Components • N 10GigE Links -> N Clustered Machines (Low Cost) • Community-Based Communication • What Are: • Efficient Protocols to Move Data in Local, Metropolitan, Wide Area? • High Bandwidth, Low Startup • Dedicated Channels, Shared Endpoints • Good Parallel Abstractions For Communication? • Coordinate Management And Use Of Endpoints And Channels • Convenient For Application, Storage System • Secure Models For “Single System View” • Enabled By “Lambda” Private Channels • Exploit Flexible Dispersion Of Data And Computation Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD

  33. OptIPuter Storage Challenges • DWDM Enables Uniform Performance View Of Storage • How To Exploit Capability? • Other Challenges Remain: Security, Coherence, Parallelism • “Storage Is a Network Device” • Grid View: High-Level Storage Federation • GridFTP (Distributed File Sharing) • NAS – File System Protocols • Access-control and Security in Protocol • Performance? • Single-System View: Low-Level Storage Federation • Secure Single System View • SAN – Block Level Disk and Controller Protocols • High Performance • Security? Access Control? • Secure Distributed Storage: Threshold Cryptography Based Distribution • PASIS Style – Distributed Shared Secrets • Lambda’s Minimize Performance Penalty Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD

  34. OptIPuter is Exploring Quanta as a High Performance Middleware • Quanta is a high performance networking toolkit / API. • Reliable Blast UDP: • Assumes you are running over an over-provisioned or dedicated network. • Excellent for photonic networks, don’t try this on commodity Internet. • It is FAST! • It is very predictable. • We give you a prediction equation to predict performance. This is useful for the application. • It is most suited for transfering very large payloads. • At higher data rates processor is 100% loaded so dual processors are needed for your application to move data and do useful work at the same time. Source: Jason Leigh, UIC

  35. TeraVision Over WAN : Greece to Chicago Throughput TCP Performance Over WAN Is Poor; Windows Performance Is Lower Than Linux; Synchronization Reduces Frame Rate.

  36. Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP) • At IGrid 2002 all applications which were able to make the most effective use of the 10G link from Chicago to Amsterdam used UDP • RBUDP[1], SABUL[2] and Tsunami[3] are all similar protocols that use UDP for bulk data transfer- all of which are based on NETBLT- RFC969 • RBUDP has fewer memory copies & a prediction function to let applications know what kind of performance to expect. • [1] J. Leigh, O. Yu, D. Schonfeld, R. Ansari, et al., Adaptive Networking for Tele-Immersion, Proc. Immersive Projection Technology/Eurographics Virtual Environments Workshop (IPT/EGVE), May 16-18, Stuttgart, Germany, 2001. • [2] Sivakumar Harinath, Data Management Support for Distributed Data Mining of Large Datasets over High Speed Wide Area Networks, PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2002. • [3] http://www.indiana.edu/~anml/anmlresearch.html Source: Jason Leigh, UIC

  37. Visualization at Near Photographic ResolutionThe OptIPanel Version I 5x3 Grid of 1280x1024 Pixel LCD Panels Driven by 16-PC Cluster Resolution=6400x3072 Pixels, or ~3000x1500 pixels in Autostereo Source: Tom DeFanti, EVL--UIC

  38. NTT Super High Definition Video (NTT 4Kx2K=8 Megapixels) Over Internet2 Starlight in Chicago Applications: Astronomy Mathematics Entertainment www.ntt.co.jp/news/news02e/0211/021113.html SHD = 4xHDTV = 16xDVD USC In Los Angeles

  39. The Continuum at EVL and TRECCOptIPuter Amplified Work Environment Passive stereo display AccessGrid Digital white board Tiled display Source: Tom DeFanti, Electronic Visualization Lab, UIC

  40. OptIPuter Transforms Individual Laboratory Visualization, Computation, & Analysis Facilities Anatomy Neuroscience Visible Human ProjectNLM, Brooks AFB, SDSC Volume Explorer Dave Nadeau, SDSC, BIRNSDSC Volume Explorer Fast polygon and volume rendering with stereographics + GeoWall = 3D APPLICATIONS: Underground Earth Science Earth Science GeoFusion GeoMatrix Toolkit Rob Mellors and Eric Frost, SDSUSDSC Volume Explorer The Preuss School UCSD OptIPuter Facility

  41. Providing a 21st Century Internet Grid Infrastructure Wireless Sensor Nets, Personal Communicators Routers Tightly Coupled Optically-Connected OptIPuter Core Routers Loosely Coupled Peer-to-Peer Computing & Storage

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