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CHEMICAL REACTIONS

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson82.htm http://staff.imsa.edu/science/chemistry/web/Chemical%20Reactions%20Lab-revised.pdf http://chemicalparadigms.wikispaces.com/Chemical+Reactions. Chemical Reactions:.

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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  1. CHEMICAL REACTIONS http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson82.htm http://staff.imsa.edu/science/chemistry/web/Chemical%20Reactions%20Lab-revised.pdf http://chemicalparadigms.wikispaces.com/Chemical+Reactions

  2. Chemical Reactions: • Reactants => Products • CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) => CO2 (g) + 2 H2 O (l) • The coefficients of a chemical reaction must be balanced in order to obey the law of conservation of mass.

  3. Physical States • (s) solid, a precipitate formed • (l) liquid • (g) gaseous, • (aq) aqueous, substance dissolved in water • Diatomic Molecules: H2 , O2 , N2 , F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2

  4. Types of Chemical Reactions • Single Replacement • Synthesis • Decomposition • Combustion • Double Replacement

  5. 1. Combination or Synthesis Two or more substances react to form a single new substance. 2 Mg(s) + O2 (g) => 2MgO(s) Complete and Balance: a) Be + O2 => b) ___ + ____ => NaCl c) Al + S =>

  6. Practice • 1) H2 + F2 => • 2) Al + Cl2 => • 3) ________ + _______ => KBr

  7. 2. Decomposition A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products. 2 HI => H2 + I2 H 2 O2 H2 O + O2 Complete: • a) KClO3 => ____ + ____ + ____ • b) ______ => Li + Br2

  8. 3. Single Replacement One element replaces a similar o one in a compound. Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq)=> Cu(s) + ZnSO4 (aq) Ca + AgNO3 => Au + ZnBr2 =>

  9. Reactivity of Halogens F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 F2 + HCl => HCl + I2 => Br2 + MgI2 => AlF3 + Br2 =>

  10. Simulation Single Replacement Reactions. • After performing all reactions, write your observations, write the equations and balance all. • http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/redox/home.html

  11. 4. Double Replacement Involves an exchange of positive ions between compounds. KI(aq) + HgCl2 (aq) => KCl (aq) + HgI2 (s) HNO3 + CaBr2 => http://web.fccj.org/~smilczan/Two5/DR.html http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson82.htm

  12. Solubility Rules • All common compounds of Group I and ammonium ions are soluble. • All nitrates, acetates, and chlorates are soluble. • All binary compounds of the halogens (other than F) with metals are soluble, except those of Ag, Hg(I), and Pb. Pb halides are soluble in hot water.) • All sulfates are soluble, except those of barium, strontium, calcium, lead, silver, and mercury (I). The latter three are slightly soluble. • Except for rule 1, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, silicates, and phosphates are insoluble. • Sulfides are insoluble except for calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and ammonium

  13. Write correct formulas for the products in these double replacement reactions and balance. • 1) CaCl2 + H3PO4 ---> • 2) K2CO3 + BaCl2 ---> • 3) Cd3(PO4)2 + (NH4)2S ---> • 4) Co(OH)3 + HNO3 --->

  14. 5. Combustion When a substance combines with oxygen, it produces an oxide: Na + O2 => Na2 O • When a hydrocarbon burns in the presence of oxygen, it produces carbon dioxide and water: • 2C4H10 (g) + 13 O2(g) => 8CO2(g) + 10H2O (g)

  15. 1. What is the reaction of combustion of the major component of gasoline, octane, C8 H18 • 2. What is the reaction of combustion of ethanol C2 H5 OH

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