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West Nile Fever

West Nile Fever. West Nile Virus. First seen in 1937 in Uganda, Africa Flavivirus (other strains cause St. Louis fever,Murray Fever, etc) Outbreaks have occurred in the Middle East (Israel), West Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. First seen in the US in 1999 (New York).

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West Nile Fever

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  1. West Nile Fever

  2. West Nile Virus • First seen in 1937 in Uganda, Africa • Flavivirus (other strains cause St. Louis fever,Murray Fever, etc) • Outbreaks have occurred in the Middle East (Israel), West Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa

  3. First seen in the US in 1999 (New York). • Mosquitoes are the vector, usually occurs August to October (not all species of mosquitoes can transmit) • Birds are the carrier host (particularly migratory birds). Arbovirus (black birds, crows, blue jays,& cardinals die from WNF, others such as house sparrows don’t) • Humans and horses are dead end hosts.

  4. Mosquitoes Birds Horses or Humans ‘Dead end host’

  5. Virus causes inflamination of the mengies in the brain, symptoms similar to encephalomyelitis. • Horses are the most susceptible, 20 to 30%of the horses infected with West Nile Fever die. • Humans rarely die if treated • WNV will always be here, can only control it. • 7 day incubation period for the virus

  6. Symptoms of West Nile Fever • Horse • Depression, loss of appetite • Fever- may or may not see, may see subnormal temperature. • Staggering gait, paralysis, coma, death • Human • Flu like symptoms, headache, swollen glands • Fever, rash may develop, muscle weakness • Disorientation, paralysis, coma, convulsions

  7. Cannot get by contact with infected animals, mosquito must transmit • Fourteen day incubation period. • Treatment is supportive ( fluids, rest, antibiotics to prevent secondary infection, etc).

  8. Prevention • Control mosquitoes • Make sure water sources that mosquitoes breed in are removed ( rain gutters, water tanks, old tires, etc) • Mosquitoes are the most active in the early morning and at dusk. • Vaccinate • Fort Dodge has a new killed vaccine, not known yet how good the vaccine is, still testing. • At this time should use vaccine even though effectiveness is not known, it is all we have available.

  9. Mosquitoes • Over 60 species of mosquitos • Not all species bite people • Most consume nectar as their energy source, only consume blood for egg laying ( why males don’t bite) • Mosquitoes live 7 to 10 days,3 day cycle between blood meal and egg laying

  10. Number 1 killer of mosquitos is age, No.2 is the sun (why most feed early,late and at night) • Can travel up to 12 miles • Mosquitoes see in the blue ultraviolet spectrum • Attracted by aromas and heat • Attracted by carbon dioxide

  11. For additional information: • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/wnv/index.html

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