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Lecture 2

Lecture 2. Production. Perception. Transmission. The Communicative Cycle. Linguistics The scientific study of languages; i.e. the inquiry of the systems and patterns of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics inherent in a human language. Linguistic competence

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Lecture 2

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  1. Lecture 2 Lec. Maha Alwasidi

  2. Production Perception Transmission The Communicative Cycle Lec. Maha Alwasidi

  3. LinguisticsThe scientific study of languages; i.e. the inquiry of the systems and patterns of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics inherent in a human language. Lec. Maha Alwasidi

  4. Linguistic competence • Producing and interpreting an unlimited number of utterances • Recognizing unacceptable utterances • i.e. there is a mental system (grammar) that allows speakers to form and interpret utterances. • Components of grammar • Linguistic performanceThe application of linguistic competence to actually producing an utterance. Lec. Maha Alwasidi

  5. Phonetics and Phonology Phonetics is the study of speech sounds: their physical properties, the way they are produced, and the way they are received and decoded by the brain. It aims to provide a set of features to describe and distinguish all the sounds of the human language. Phonology is the study of the systems and patterns of sounds that occur in a language (i.e. it is concerned with the study of how languages structure sounds to convey linguistic information.)Phonology is, then, a branch of linguistics which has very close links with phonetics. Lec. Maha Alwasidi

  6. Example: 1- Bill is an English teacher. 2- tlirhs bhigl Dogkh. The first sentence could be interpreted because it matches your phonological knowledge. In contrast, when you produce the second sentence, you could not interpret it because it does not match your phonological knowledge. So, the speech production can be meaningful if it matches the phonological knowledge; it can be meaningless if it does not. Competence vs. PerformancePhonology has two sides Phonological competence: our knowledge of the phonological system of our language. Phonological performance The actual production of sounds and sound sequences. Lec. Maha Alwasidi

  7. Ὥ Why do we need to study phonetics and phonology? - The process of communication is, in part, dependent on the nature of the sound. - Non-native speakers of a given language can understand the features of the sounds of that language; hence produce them correctly.- Linguists may study the phonology of a given languages to communicate with its people. - It helps in describing the languages' changes and the variation in dialects.- It helps to understand the processes involved in the phonological acquisition by children.- Understanding the physics of speech sounds enables to create synthetic speech (e.g. computers). Lec. Maha Alwasidi

  8. For more information on the topics covered in this lecture, go towww.bedfordstmartins.com/linguistics/languageand click on Sources. Lec. Maha Alwasidi

  9. End of lecture 1 Next Read chapter 6 from “The Study of Language” George Yule Lec. Maha Alwasidi

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