Cellular Compartmentalization

1. Cellular Compartmentalization Unit

2. Context of Unit in Course • Unit is for a second year, intro cell biology or intro microbiology course, scalable to first year intro biology • This unit comes in the middle of the course • Students are expected to know what cells are and basic cell structures as prior course knowledge • Enduring concepts are compartmentalization in cells, and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

3. Unit Learning Goals and Objectives Students will… • Understand what cellular compartmentalization is • LO – define cellular compartmentalization • LO – explain the advantages of compartmentalization • Understand structural differences between pro and eu • LO – distinguish structural differences between pro and eu cells • LO – explain organization without membrane-bound structures • Understand functional differences between pro and eu • LO - distinguish functional differences between pro and eucells • LO – be able to match processes with organelles

4. Tidbit Learning Goals and Objectives Students will… • Understand what cellular compartmentalization is • LO – define cellular compartmentalization • LO – explain the advantages of compartmentalization • Understand structural differences between pro and eu • LO – distinguish structural differences between pro and eu cells • LO – explain compartmentalization without membrane-bound structures • Understand functional differences between pro and eu • LO - distinguish functional differences between pro and eucells • LO – be able to match processes with organelles

5. ALIEN MYSTERY A probe has returned from Venus with life! You, the ridiculously overpaid NASA staff biologist, are responsible to classify these cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Let’s look at the first data from the lab. You can assume these are similar to known life forms (not silicon-based etc.)

6. Experiment 1 Collect cells Cell lysis Analyze components

7. Experiment 1 The cells contain DNA, RNA, proteins, and phospholipids, and is therefore exclusively classified as: • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic • Can not determine

8. TPS • Explain to your neighbor why your answer is correct.

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11. TPS • Correct answer is 3, cannot determine at this point. • Central concept: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are similar at the basic molecular level .“What is true of E. coli is true of the elephant.” -- Jacques Monod Nobel Laureate 1965

12. Experiment 2 We now have some more analysis. Using light microscopy, we can see that the cells have two chromosomes. Based on that, they can exclusively be classified as: • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic • Can not determine

13. Experiment 2 – accessory data All of these cells are bacterial E. coli Vibrio cholerae Paracoccus denitrificans Fluorescent microscope images

14. TPS • In light of the accessory observations, explain to your neighbor the correct answer.

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17. Experiment 2 After our discussion, let’s vote again. Since the cells have two chromosomes, they should be classified as: • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic • Can not determine

18. TPS • In light of the accessory observations, explain to your neighbor the correct answer. • Central concept: a common misconception is that all prokaryotes have one circular chromosome

19. Experiment3 The investigator is designing the next step. What evidence should she look for that would differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

20. Experiment 4 We now have further analysis. Using electron microscopy, we generated this image of the cells. Based on that, they can exclusively be classified as: • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic • Can not determine

21. Wrapup • House analogy for cellular compartmentalization

22. Which represents prokaryotic and which represent eukaryotic? Prokaryotic organization Eukaryotic compartmentalization

23. Prokaryotic organization Eukaryotic compartmentalization

24. Wrapup • House analogy • Both organized functionally • While eukaryotes have extensive compartmentalization due to internal membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotes are also organized intracellularly

25. Homework • LO – distinguish structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Complete this interactive animation from Wiley Publisher. • http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm • Complete the popup questions for prokaryotic cell, animal cell, and plant cell. Then complete the construct a cell exercise.