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Ch. 18-3 Notes Native American Struggles

The Native Americans, particularly Plains Indians like the Sioux, lived nomadic lives, relying on buffalo for sustenance and materials. However, external pressures from hunters and government initiatives led to their forced displacement onto reservations. Notable events include the Sand Creek Massacre, the Battle of Little Bighorn, and the Wounded Knee Massacre, which marked the end of armed conflict. Leaders such as Sitting Bull and Geronimo fought valiantly to protect their heritage. The Dawes Act aimed to dissolve tribal lands, further threatening their culture. The legacy of these struggles continues to resonate today.

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Ch. 18-3 Notes Native American Struggles

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  1. Ch. 18-3 NotesNative American Struggles Mrs. Manley

  2. Following the buffalo • Plains Indians including the Sioux lived nomadic lives • Nomadic- travelling vast distances following their main source of food • Buffalo was their main source of food. They also used buffalo hides, bones, etc. • Hunters began hunting buffalo and threatening that way of life

  3. Reservations • Indian Peace Commission- recommends moving Native Americans to reservations • Reservation- tracts of land set aside for Native Americans • Okalahoma had the most “Indian Territory” • Lakota- Black Hills- gold found- Crazy Horse leads attack on govt. • Black Kettle- Sand Creek Massacre

  4. Custer (govt) goes into Black Hills to look for gold. • Sitting Bull- leader of Lakota Sioux; protects Black Hills refuses to sell even a speck of dust • Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse gather with other warriors at Little Bighorn River; attack Custer • Geronimo- Apache leader- last Native American surrender to the US

  5. Helen Hunt Jackson- writes about the horrors the N.A. experience • Dawes Act- tries to break up reservations, end tribes, a give each N.A. a plot of land • This is an attempt to end tribal culture. • Wovoka- a prophet- Sioux- Ghost Dance a ritual that will restore the Sioux to greatness

  6. Sitting Bull is killed • Sioux flee and gather at Wounded Knee. • Battle erupts; Massacre of NA • Wounded Knee marks the end of armed conflict between NA and settlers • Chief Joseph- Leader of Nez Perce refused to give up land and move to reservations.

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