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Insights into Sentence Comprehension: Methods and Findings in Psycholinguistics

This exploration of psycholinguistics delves into how sentence comprehension is influenced by well-formed stimuli and spelling patterns. Key findings reveal biases in word identification, such as misidentifying uncommon spellings and nonwords, alongside the importance of sublexical units including onsets and rimes. Various methods for studying word identification, including lexical decision tasks and eye movement monitoring, highlight the complexity of reading processes. The text underscores the necessity for on-line measures to gain deeper insights into real-time comprehension challenges.

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Insights into Sentence Comprehension: Methods and Findings in Psycholinguistics

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  1. PSY 369: Psycholinguistics Language Comprehension: Methods for sentence comprehension

  2. Other Relevant Findings? • Bias towards “well-formed” stimuli • Misidentify words with uncommon spelling patterns • BOUT as BOAT • misidentify nonwords (e.g., SALID) as words that are like it (SALAD). • Difficulty identifying nonwords with irregular spelling patterns (e.g., ITPR) more than those with regular spelling patterns (e.g., PIRT).

  3. Sublexical units • Sublexical units bigger than phonemes and graphemes? • onsets and rimes • onset: initial consonant or consonant cluster in a word or syllable • rime: following vowel and consonants • if words broken at onset-rime boundary, resulting letter clusters more easily recognized as belonging together than if broken at other points • example: FL OST ANK TR vs. FLA ST NK TRO

  4. Adding a bigram level By adding a frequency-sensitive bigram level, we can account for the findings of well-formedness along with the others.

  5. Summing up • Word recognition is based on a feature-detector system • Biased to perceive common or recently occurring features

  6. Studying Word Identification • Generally people ask: what makes word identification easy or difficult? • The assumption: • Time spent identifying a word can be a measure of difficulty • Measures of identification time are usually indirect

  7. Some Identification Time Measures • Measure how long people take to say a string of letters is (or is not) a word (lexical decision) • Measure how long people take to categorise a word (“apple” is a fruit) • Measure how long people take to start saying a word (naming or pronunciation time) • Measure how long people actually spend looking at a word when READING • Line by line reading • Word by word reading • using eye movement monitoring techniques

  8. Line-by-line A banker is a fellow

  9. Line-by-line who lends you his umbrella

  10. Line-by-line when the sun is shining

  11. Line-by-line but wants it back

  12. Line-by-line the minute it begins to rain.

  13. Line-by-line • Problem: • Overall reading time for entire sentence or phrase • need for more “on-line” measurements • Timing on a smaller scope • See effects at level of word

  14. Word-by-word • RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation)

  15. Word-by-word A

  16. Word-by-word lie

  17. Word-by-word can

  18. Word-by-word travel

  19. Word-by-word halfway

  20. Word-by-word around

  21. Word-by-word the

  22. Word-by-word world

  23. Word-by-word while

  24. Word-by-word the

  25. Word-by-word truth

  26. Word-by-word is

  27. Word-by-word putting

  28. Word-by-word on

  29. Word-by-word its

  30. Word-by-word shoes.

  31. Word-by-word • Moving window

  32. Word-by-word I xxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx.

  33. Word-by-word x have xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx.

  34. Word-by-word x xxxx never xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx.

  35. Word-by-word x xxxx xxxxx let xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx.

  36. Word-by-word x xxxx xxxxx xxx my xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx.

  37. Word-by-word x xxxx xxxxx xxx xx schooling xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx.

  38. Word-by-word x xxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx interfere xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx.

  39. Word-by-word x xxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx with xx xxxxxxxxx.

  40. Word-by-word x xxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx my xxxxxxxxx.

  41. Word-by-word x xxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx education.

  42. Word-by-word • A couple of methods • RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation) • Moving window • Better, more “on-line” • But, these measures are also a little bit unnatural (especially RSVP) • e.g., Don’t allow regressions (looking back)

  43. Eye-movements Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

  44. Eye-movements Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

  45. Eye-movements Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

  46. Eye-movements Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

  47. Eye-movements Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

  48. Eye-movements Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

  49. Eye-movements Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

  50. Eye-movements Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

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