Unit 1 Test Review

1. Unit 1 Test Review Colonization Era

2. New England Colonies • Connecticut • Why? Freedom of Religion • Who? Puritans • New Hampshire • Why? Freedom of Religion • Who? Puritans • Massachusetts • Why? Freedom of Religion • Who? Pilgrims • Rhode Island • Why? Freedom of Religion • Who? Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison

3. New England Climate • Long, cold winters • Rocky soil, not good for farming. • Positioned on the North Atlantic Coast • Many forests and rivers

4. New England Economy$$$ • Fishing • Whaling • Timber • Shipping • Trade • Subsistence farming • Only grew enough to feed themselves and their families. • They did NOT sell their goods.

5. Middle Colonies • New York • Why? To make $$ (economic) • New Jersey • Why? To make $$ (economic) • Pennsylvania • Why? Freedom of Religion • Who? William Penn & the Quakers • Delaware • Why? Political Freedom

6. Middle Colony Climate • Very flat, fertile land • Mild Winters

7. Middle Colony Economy$$$ • AKA “Breadbasket Colonies” • Farmed food products to feed the colonies • Produced • Wheat • Grain • Iron • Dairy

8. Southern Colonies • Virginia • Why? To make $$ (economic) • Who? John Smith • Maryland • Why? Freedom of Religion • Who? Lord Baltimore and the Catholics • North and South Carolina • Why? To make $$ (economic) • Georgia • Why? Refuge for debtors and convicts • Who? James Oglethorp

9. Southern Colony Climate • Fertile Soil • Very long growing seasons • Very warm and sunny

10. Southern Colony Economy$$$ • Plantation Agriculture • Cotton • Rice • Tobacco • Indigo • Sugar cane

11. Mayflower Compact • Who? Men • When? 1620 • Where? Plymouth • What did it do? • Set forth ideas of self government in the colonies • Basis for US Constitution in 1787

12. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Where? Connecticut • What did it do? • Extended voting rights to non-church members • Limited the power of the governor • Expanded the idea of representative government

13. House of Burgesses • 1st elected law making body in the colonies • Provided more local control in Virginia • Expanded the idea of representative government.

14. English ColonizationWhy?? • Gold • Economic $$ • High unemployment • Market for English goods • Source of raw materials • God • Social • Freedom from religious persecution • Opportunity for unhappy or unemployed English • Glory • Political • Competition with Spain and Portugal for new passage to India • Promise of gold to increase England’s wealth • Acquisition of territory to add to empire

15. Mercantilism Britain's policy to control Colonial trade Mother Country (Britain) Raw Materials Colonies Manufactured Goods

16. Transatlantic Trade Routes Effects: New England made HUGE profits and slavery increased.

17. Jamestown • Where? Virginia • When? 1607 • Why? • Economic Reasons ($$) • Hardships? • Swampy • Bad water and farmland • Harsh climate • Wasted time looking for gold • Disease • How did it succeed? • John Smith, “He that will not work, shall not eat.” • He also traded with Powhatan Indians for corn

18. Salutary Neglect • Britain helped the colonies work towards this type of government by staying out of their business for many years. This became known as salutary neglect. • This ‘neglect’ helped the colonies learn how to deal with their own problems & issues instead of waiting for Britain to fix things for them

19. Great Awakening • Religious movement in the colonies during the 1700’s. • Colonial culture changed because colonists began to argue over religious practices & • People began to leave their church for the Protestant one. • They also welcomed all people, regardless of race or gender.

20. Enlightenment • A movement that emphasized reason and science as the paths to knowledge. • John Locke, a philosopher and Enlightenment figure applied the idea of natural law – people have unalienable rights which the government should protect.