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Gender differences in HIV related stigma among doctors in Egypt

Gender differences in HIV related stigma among doctors in Egypt. Benkirane, M, Lohiniva AL, Abdelrahman E, Kamal W. and Talaat M. Manal Benkirane, MD, MPH US Naval Medical Research Unit N. 3. Background. Stigma - barrier to care for PLHA.

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Gender differences in HIV related stigma among doctors in Egypt

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  1. Gender differences in HIV related stigma among doctors in Egypt Benkirane, M, Lohiniva AL, Abdelrahman E, Kamal W. and Talaat M Manal Benkirane, MD, MPH US Naval Medical Research Unit N. 3

  2. Background • Stigma - barrier to care for PLHA. • Little information on gender – stigma healthcare setting. • Studies from Thailand and Belize: female healthcare workers are more stigmatizing than males. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  3. Background • MENA - Females in the general population more positive attitudes towards PLHA than males. • No studies on gender differences and stigma in the healthcare setting in Egypt. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  4. Study Objectives • To explore gender differences in stigmatizing attitudes towards PLHA among doctors in Egypt. • To provide gender based policy recommendations for stigma reduction. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  5. Methods • Cross sectional study design • 2 tertiary care hospitals in Giza and Cairo governorates. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  6. Methods XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  7. Methods • Data collection- October/December 2010 • Structured questionnaire: • Socio-demographic information • HIV related misconceptions • Stigmatizing attitudes • Intention to treat PLHA. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  8. Methods • Misconceptions - percentages. • Stigma - 3 scores developed. • Answers coded 0 – 1. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  9. Methods XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  10. Methods • Stigma scores standardized to 10 for comparison purposes. • Chi square and t- test. • Linear regression – stigma scores. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  11. Results XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  12. Results • Background characteristics of study participants • Misconceptions about HIV transmission • Stigmatizing attitudes towards PLHA • Intention to treat PLHA XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  13. Background characteristics • No significant differences in terms of education, age, religion, working experience and training on HIV. • Most participants > 45 years • 25% doctors worked abroad • 12% received previous HIV training • 90% were Muslims • Significant difference in origin • 60% females from capital city XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  14. Gender & HIV misconceptions XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  15. Gender & stigma scores XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  16. Gender & intention to treat PLHA XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  17. Gender & fear based stigma by age group XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  18. Gender & value based stigma by age group XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  19. Gender & intention to treat PLHA by age group XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  20. Linear regression XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  21. Linear Regression • Sex - significant predictor of value based stigma and intention to treat PLHA . • Origin and education level were significant predictors of value based stigma. • Previous HIV training and value based stigma was significant predictors for fear based stigma. • Doctors with high value stigma score were more resistant to treat PLHA. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  22. Conclusions XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  23. HIV related misconceptions > XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  24. Fear based stigma > XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  25. Value based stigma > XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  26. Refusal to treat PLHA > XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  27. Recommendations XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  28. Recommendations • Need to prioritize and encourage women’s involvement in HIV training and education. • Need to use a socio-cultural framework when addressing fear and value based stigma among female healthcare workers in Egypt. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  29. Recommendations • Emotional invoking strategies could be used in stigma reduction among females. • Need to address stigma towards key populations at higher risk of infection. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  30. Recommendations • Need to explore other factors influencing female doctors’ willingness to treat PLHA. XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  31. Acknowledgements • National AIDS Program, Egypt • Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, US • Om El Masryeen and Monira hospital management and teams. • Ford Foundation XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  32. Questions? XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

  33. Background characteristics XIX International AIDS Conference 2012

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