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4) 若 A 可逆,则 也可逆,

4) 若 A 可逆,则 也可逆,. 证明 :. 所以. 注1 : 当 | A | ≠ 0 时, k 为正 整数, λ , μ 为整数,有. 4 ) ( A λ ) μ = A λμ. A 为可逆矩阵,也称为非奇异矩阵,. A 为不可逆矩阵,也称为奇异矩阵. 四. 逆矩阵的应用. 例1. 解矩阵方程. 解:设. 则上式变成:.

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4) 若 A 可逆,则 也可逆,

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  1. 4) 若A可逆,则 也可逆, 证明: 所以

  2. 注1:当 |A| ≠ 0时,k为正 整数,λ,μ为整数,有 4 ) ( Aλ ) μ = Aλμ A为可逆矩阵,也称为非奇异矩阵, A为不可逆矩阵,也称为奇异矩阵.

  3. 四. 逆矩阵的应用 例1. 解矩阵方程 解:设 则上式变成: AXB = C

  4. 例2. 设 求( E + B )-1

  5. 解: 由 即 ( E + A )( E + B ) = 2E

  6. 例3. 设 A,B 均为 n 阶方矩 阵, 若 E-AB 可逆,则 E-BA 也可 逆,并求: 证明:A-ABA = A-ABA ( E-AB ) A= A( E-BA ) 所以

  7. 又因为 E = E- BA + BA = [E -B ( E -AB )-1A] ( E - BA ) 所以 E-BA 可逆,且

  8. 五、几个常用的公式 • 1) AA*= A*A= |A|E • 2) A* = |A|A-1 • 3) |A-1| = |A|-1 • |λA| = λn|A| • 5) (λA)-1 = λ-1A-1 例4 若 |A| ≠ 0, 试证(1) |A*| =|A|n-1;(2)(A*)-1= (A-1)* (3) (A*)T = (AT )*;(4)(A*)* = |A|n-2A;(5)(kA)* = kn-1A*。 ||A|A-1| = 证 (1) |A*| = |A|n|A-1| = |A|n-1; (2) (A*)-1= (|A|A-1)-1 = |A-1|(A-1)-1 = (A-1)*; (3) (A*)T = ( |A|A-1)T = |AT|(A-1)T = |AT|(AT)-1 = (AT )*

  9. (A*)* = |A*|(A*)-1 = |A|n-1(|A|A-1)-1 = |A|n-2A (5) (kA)* = |kA|(kA)-1 = kn|A|k-1A-1 = kn-1|A|A-1 = kn-1A*

  10. 例5 设矩阵 A、B 满足 A*BA = 2BA –8E,其中 求B。 解 由于|A|≠0,所以A可逆,在 A*BA = 2BA –8E 的两边分别左乘A,右乘A-1得 |A|B = 2AB -8E 即 2AB + 2B = 8E

  11. 从而有 AB + B = 4E 故 B = 4 ( A + E )-1

  12. 作业: 1.解矩阵方程 2.设方阵A满足 证明 A 及 A + 2E 都可逆, 并求 A-1及 ( A +2E )-1 3.设 AB = A + 2B ,求 B.

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