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Gender Equity: Eliminating Discrimination or Accommodating Difference Chapter 4

Gender Equity Ch 4. Gender Equity: Eliminating Discrimination or Accommodating Difference Chapter 4. Elin McGuire Requirement for EDUC 610 Summer 2010 The Graduate School Holy Family University. Education on the Rise Dropout Rate Declining. Gender Equity Ch 4.

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Gender Equity: Eliminating Discrimination or Accommodating Difference Chapter 4

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  1. Gender Equity Ch 4 Gender Equity:Eliminating Discrimination or Accommodating DifferenceChapter 4 Elin McGuire Requirement for EDUC 610 Summer 2010 The Graduate School Holy Family University

  2. Education on the Rise Dropout Rate Declining

  3. Gender Equity Ch 4 Eliminating Discrimination Gender Roles and Education - Social roles have shaped US education for boys & girls • Colonial America • Biblical understanding that women were subservient to men • Education at home • American Revolution • Political ideology • Schooling developed boys • 19th Century • Upper & Middle class boys went beyond elementary school in preparation for college or for occupations • Girls became teachers – “Republican Mothers”

  4. Gender Equity Ch 4 Eliminating Discrimination Gender Roles and Education - Social roles have shaped US education for boys & girls • Early 20th Century • Academics replaced by public schools and admitted boys and girls relatively equally • Men and Women had distinct gender characteristics • Progressive Era • Stereotypes - girls were tracked to teacher, nurses, secretaries, boys to college prep & vocations • Late 20th Century • During WWII women took industrial jobs • Universities & professional schools opened doors to women • 1960s – equality in education for men and women • Title IX Educational Amendment – banned discrimination on the basis of sex

  5. Eliminating Discrimination Improvements • By early 1970s Bachelor degrees • 8.2% Women • 14.1 Men • By 2008 Bachelor degrees • 28% Women • 20.5 % Men • More women than men hold master’s degrees • Women making gains in professional and doctorial degrees • Since Title IX • More girls than boys take advanced science and math • Girls GPAs in math and science are higher than boys • More girls taking advanced placement • Gender equity in sports

  6. Eliminating Discrimination What Remains to be Done • Athletics • Non-traditional career options New Challenges to Ending Discrimination • Single-sex schools • Failure to meet student needs • In 2004 the Dept of Ed issued new Title IX regulations permitting single sex schools and classes in publicly funded schools

  7. Accommodating Differences Gendered Experiences in Schools • Boys • Preschool boys played with tools, machines more than girls • Teacher encouraged boys to be assertive, independent • Teachers worked with boys – more attention • Risk takers • Mocked for emotion • Girls • Teacher discouraged girls from taking risks • Rewarded for being timid • Teachers gave tasks and answers • Did not excel in independent or critical thinking • Sexual harassment Girls and boys had different experiences in school

  8. > Gender Test Scores

  9. Accommodating Differences One-Size-Fits-All Regulations • Title IX – sports • Textbooks • Test questions • Dress Code Real Differences Require Real Accommodations • Biological • Brains • Men’s brains are larger; women’s brains have 20% more gray matter • Men -- visual, spatial task; women – thought linking • Men – confrontational and engaging in the classroom; women – quieter

  10. Accommodating Differences Single-Sex Settings • Fewer discipline problems • Higher test scores • More time on tasks • Accommodate learning difference between boys and girls • Alternative to gender stereotypes

  11. Questions • Is it a benefit or detriment to accentuate differences by making accommodation? • Will a student’s opportunities be limited or enhanced by making accommodations for gender differences? • Will making accommodations or eliminating discrimination have an impact on society?

  12. Earning Potential

  13. Resources (2010). Gender Gap. Education Next, 10(2), 52-61. Retrieved July 14, 2010 from H. W. Wilson database (Education Full Text). (2010). Making Sense of Race, Class, and Gender. Educational Studies (American Educational Studies Association), 46(1), 139-44. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from H.W. Wilson database (Education Full Text). Dodson, A. (2010). Gender Dilemmas. Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 27(8), 17. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from H.W. Wilson database (Education Full Text). Eliot, L., & Whitmire, R. (2010). Common Ground On Gender. Education Week, 29(27), 24-5. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from H. W. Wilson database (Education Full Text). Nelson, J.; Palonsky, S. & McCarthy, M. Seigel, B. (2010). Critical Issues in Education. New York: McGraw Hill.

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