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Inequality as a Barrier to Human Development

Inequality as a Barrier to Human Development. Kevin Watkins Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution. Convergence and its limits: GDP per capita (PPP 2005 USD). High Income Countries. East Asia and Pacific. China. India. South Asia. Sub-Saharan Africa. Source: World Bank WDI.

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Inequality as a Barrier to Human Development

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  1. Inequality as a Barrier to Human Development Kevin Watkins Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution

  2. Convergence and its limits: GDP per capita (PPP 2005 USD) High Income Countries East Asia and Pacific China India South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank WDI

  3. The global wealth divide: shares of world income by decile Global: 1990 South Africa: 2010 54.6 % (2010) Global: 2010 5.6 % (2010) Source: World Bank; PovCal

  4. Looking at the Gini Global Zambia Brazil Ghana China India- Urban Tanzania Vietnam Indonesia

  5. Pattern of growth in per capita expenditure in India: 1994-2005 Source: Walton 2010; National Sample Survey

  6. Growth incidence for Brazil: 2001-2009 Source: CEDLAS and World Bank; World Bank 2012

  7. Global poverty projections: scenarios for inequality

  8. India poverty projections

  9. Global education- unequal life chances High Income Countries Latin America East Asia South and West Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: UNESCO GMR 2011

  10. Ukraine Cuba Rural Bolivia Urban Indonesia Honduras Urban Cameroon Bangladesh Rural Chad C. A. R. Education marginalization: inequalities within countries 14 The case of Nigeria 12 10.3 years 10 years Rich, rural boys 9.7 years Rich, urban boys 10 Richest 20% Rich, rural girls Boys 8 Girls Average number of years of schooling Nigeria Poor, urban boys 6.4 years 6.7 years 6 4 Education poverty Poorest 20% 3.5 years 3.3 years Poor, rural girls 2.6 years 2 Extreme education poverty Rural Hausa Poor, rural Hausa girls Source: UNESCO GMR 0 0.3 years 0.5 years

  11. Pakistan’s education inequality tree: share of 17-22 year-olds with < 4 years schooling Source: UNESCO

  12. Staying alive: wealth and survival in selected countries Poorest 20% National Average Richest 20%

  13. Education and access to antenatal care (2005) No education No education Primary Secondary or higher Source: UNESCO GMR 2010

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