Injury Prevention and Control

1. Injury Prevention and Control Karli and Emily

2. Relates to the adverse effects on the human body that may result from a range of different events. Injuries may be accidental such as: • Falls • Poisoning • Drowning • Sporting and workplace injuries • Car crashes Or intentional such as: • Suicide • Violence • Attempted suicide Regardless of the cause, injuries are cause of preventable illness, disability and premature death in Australia.

3. Injury and prevention control was put on the NHPA as: • Projected to be responsible for about 7% of the burden of disease in disability adjusted life years in Australia in 2010. • 6.2% of all deaths in Australia in 2010 were injury related. • Injury is the main cause of death for people under the age of 45. • All injury cases are considered to be preventable. • Injuries occur significant direct, indirect and intangible costs.

4. Biological determinant risk factors: • Age can be a significant risk factor for a range of injuries, Eg. children drowning’s • Body size influences type of injury likely to be sustained, Eg. Infant more likely to drown due to larger head Behavioural determinant risk factors: • Alcohol use. Eg. Drink driving • Drug use. Eg. Increased self harm • Physical activity. Eg. Contact sports • Risk-taking behaviour. Eg. Men more likely to participate

5. Physical Environment determinant risk factors: • Work environment. Eg. Machinery • Transport. Eg. Poor road quality • Housing.Eg. Unsafe housing • Access to recreation facilities. Eg. Access to bodied water such as pools, rivers, lakes. Social determinant risk factors: • SES. Eg. Lower SES= lower education • Social exclusion and isolation. Eg. Increased risk of self-harm.

6. Health promotion strategies: ‘Don’t turn a night out into a nightmare’ • National Binge Drinking Strategy. Programfunded by the Australian Government that aimed to reduce the risk of injury associated with alcohol misuse in teenagers and young adults. • Ran from 2008-2010 and wanted to raise awareness of the harms and costs associated with drinking to intoxication, for example road accidents. • Deliver personally relevant messages to encourage, motivate and support the primary target groups to make them reconsider the acceptability of the harms and costs associated with drinking to intoxication, assess their own drinking behaviour, and make changes to their own behaviours where necessary. • Also wanted to target parents of teens aged 13-17, to get them to provide boundaries and guidance. • http://www.drinkingnightmare.gov.au/internet/drinkingnightmare/publishing.nsf/Content/home Kidsafe • Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Australia. Non-government and non-profit organisation dedicated to preventing unintentional childhood injuries and reducing injury deaths in children under the age of 15 years.

7. Direct Costs: • Patient co-payments for medical treatment • Patient co-payments for pharmaceuticals • Ambulance transport • Medicare contributions associated with surgery and other treatment in public and private hospitals • Pharmaceutical benefits scheme • Various aids such as crutches and wheelchairs • Health promotion programs

8. Indirect costs: • Long-term care • Payment for services • Transport costs • Loss to the community such as: lost productivity and welfare payments and lost taxation revenue. Intangible costs: • Emotional costs: pain, suffering and frustration • Loss of an individual from the community