Latin Prefixes

1. Latin Prefixes

2. Prefixes • Latin prefixes are category presevering • If a prefix is added to a noun, the result is a noun • If a prefix is added to a verb, the result is a verbh

3. ad

4. ad

5. ad

6. ad

7. Observation • [d] assimilates to a [b] • [d] assimilates to [p] • [d] assimilates to [g] • [d] assimilates to [k] • Really, [d] assimilates to a following stop

8. What about dentals? • In the past participle, two dental stops will assimilate (vision < vid+e+t+ion) • What about ‘ad’ added to a lexeme that begins with a dental stop

9. Dentals

10. No Assibilation • The concept of old and new explains why • The past participle is an old formation • Prefixation is a new formation • Most prefixes are also prepositions

11. One more thing

12. Follow the rules • [d] should convert to [s] • Assume that is true • Then the rule is that ‘ss’ converts to ‘s’ before a consonant • This is the mirror of ‘ss’ converting to ‘s’ after a consonant

13. dis

14. dis

15. dis

16. New words

17. ex

18. ex

19. ex

20. ex • The prefix appears as ‘e’ before voiced consonants • What is normally expected? • Consonants should agree in voicing with the last consonant • ks → gz • gCC → CC • zC → C

21. ex

22. abs

23. ex

24. ex

25. ex

26. ex

27. abs (away)

28. re

29. re • Although originally ‘red-’, the prefix has been reanalyzed as ‘re-’ • Note: reopen, reread, react

30. pro

31. pro

32. pro • Originally, the prefix was ‘prod-’ • ‘d’ is lost before consonants • The prefix has been reanalyzed as ‘pro-’

33. sed (apart)

34. Rule set • The prefix ‘ad’ shows assimilation • ‘red’, ‘prod’ and ‘sed’ show deletion

35. sub

36. sub

37. ambi (both)

38. trans (across)

39. trans

40. trans • ‘trans’ reduces to ‘tra’ before a voiced consonant

41. trans

42. trans • How does one explain why the prefix reduces to ‘tra’ in some lexemes but not in others? • Old words obey the rules, new words do not

43. Extensions