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Global Mental Health

Global Mental Health. Evidence-Based Practice in Low Resource Countries WHO Collaborating Centre on Mental Health of the University of Geneva, Department of Psychiatry. .

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Global Mental Health

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  1. Global Mental Health Evidence-Based Practice in Low Resource Countries WHO Collaborating Centre on Mental Health of the University of Geneva, Department of Psychiatry

  2. . • The NGO Forum for Health is a Geneva-based consortium of 30 health organizations, committed to promoting human rights and quality care in global health. • Our origins lie in the 1978 Alma Ata Conference on Primary Health Care. • Our mission is to contribute to making health for all a reality by advocating for protection and realization of the right to health; by promoting equity and justice in access to health for all persons at all stages of their life; and by promoting and encouraging healthy life choices.

  3. Johns Hopkins School of Public HealthApplied Mental Health Research Group Dr. Paul Bolton Dr. Laura Murray Dr. Judy Bass Presenters-Consultants

  4. Global Mental Health: The Context for Evidence Based PracticeKelly O’Donnell, PsyD photo courtesy IRIN

  5. Two Topics: • GMH perspectives and resources • CMH-AP overview: EBP • The current GMH context for EBP

  6. Global Mental Health "GMH is an international, interdisciplinary, and multi-sectoral domain which promotes human well-being, the right to health, and equity in health for all. It encourages healthy behaviours and lifestyles; is committed to preventing and treating mental, neurological, and substance use conditions; and seeks to improve policies and programs, professional practices and research, advocacy and awareness, and social and environmental factors that affect health and well-being." (GMH--Finding Your Niches and Networks, Psychology International, March 2012)

  7. GMH and Human Rights • All persons have the right to the best available mental health care, which shall be part of the health and social care system. • All persons with a mental illness…shall be treated with humanity and respect for the inherent dignity of the human person. UN GA 1991 Resolution (Article 1 excerpts) Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of MH Care • .

  8. Like a Death SentenceHuman Rights Watch, Oct 2012 http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/10/02/death-sentence-0 Watch this five minute video report on human rights, mental health issues, advocacy and practices in Ghana. ******* See also: UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006 http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml

  9. WHO GMH Publications2008, 2010

  10. WHO—mhGAP, 2008 • .

  11. mhGAP Programme • Mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders are prevalent in all regions of the world and are major contributors to morbidity and premature mortality. 14% of the global burden of disease, measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), can be attributed to MNS disorders. • The stigma and violations of human rights directed towards people with these disorders compounds the problem. The resources that have been provided to tackle the huge burden of MNS disorders are insufficient, inequitably distributed, and inefficiently used, which leads to a treatment gap of more than 75% in many countries with low and lower middle incomes.

  12. WHO—MH and Development, 2010 • .

  13. Mental Health And Development [This] is a call to action to all development stakeholders - governments, civil society, multilateral agencies, bilateral agencies, global partnerships, private foundations, academic and research institutions - to focus their attention on mental health. • The report presents compelling evidence that persons with mental and psychosocial disabilities are a vulnerable group but continue to be marginalized in terms of development aid and government attention. It makes the case for reaching out to this group through the design and implementation of appropriate policies and programmes and through the inclusion of mental health interventions into broader poverty reduction and development strategies. • The report also describes a number of key interventions…

  14. MH and Development People with mental health conditions meet the major criteria for vulnerability as identified by an analysis of major development stakeholders’ projects and publications: • They are subjected to stigma and discrimination on a daily basis • They experience extremely high rates of physical and sexual victimization. • Frequently, people with mental health conditions encounter restrictions in the exercise of their political and civil rights, and in their ability to participate in public affairs. • They also are restricted in their ability to access essential health and social care, including emergency relief services. • Most people with mental health conditions face disproportionate barriers in attending school and finding employment. • As a result of all these factors, people with mental health conditions are much more likely to experience disability and die prematurely, compared with the general population. • .

  15. mhGAP Intervention Guidefor MNS Disorders in Non-Specialist Health Settings (WHO, 2010) .

  16. Intervention Guide • The Intervention Guide has been developed through a systematic review of evidence followed by an international consultative and participatory process. • It presents integrated management of priority conditions using protocols for clinical decision-making. The priority conditions included are: depression, psychosis, bipolar disorders, epilepsy, developmental and behavioural disorders in children and adolescents, dementia, alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, self-harm/suicide and other significant emotional or medically unexplained complaints. • The mhGAP-IG is a model guide and has been developed for use by health-care providers working in non-specialized health-care settings after adaptation for national and local needs. • .

  17. Recent Resources for MH and PSS WHO • Compressive Mental Health Action Plan2013-2020 • Building Back Better: Sustainable MH Care after Emergencies (2013) • Investing in MH (2013) • Assessing MHPSS Needs and Resources: Toolkit for Humanitarian Settings (2012) IASC • IASC Guidelines on MHPSS in Emergency Settings (2007) • (+ many related, shorter versions for different humanitarian health actors) • Psychological First Aid: Guide for Field Workers (2011) UNICEF • Inter-Agency Guide to the Evaluation of Psychosocial Programming in Humanitarian in Crises (2011) UNHCR • UNHCR's MHPSS for People of Concern (June 2013) • UNHCR's MHPSS for Staff (July 2013)

  18. WHO MiNDbank(Dec. 2013) • This is a new online resource database. It supports Member States as they implement the Comprehensive Global Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020. • It has resources for every country (policies, plans, strategies, and legislation), in the areas of mental health, disability, general health, and human rights, along with international and regional treaties. • The database will allow the sharing of key policy, strategy and technical documents, and best practices within and across countries thereby facilitating policy development, advocacy and research in each of the key areas.

  19. More GMH Developments • Networks: Movement for GMH, MHPSS Network, etc. • GMH newsletters/updates and websites • GMH training programs (certificate, masters) • GMH-related conferences, forums, events • Human rights docs and tools • GMH integration into health/development • GMH national policies and programmes • Advocacy and user/consumer groups • Research/service providers in LMICs • Publications, such as 21st Century GMH (e.g., 3 texts) • Media (e.g. HRW on MH/HR in Ghana, Hidden Pictures)

  20. CMH-AP VisionA world in which mental health is valued, promoted, and protected,mental disorders are prevented, and persons affected by these disorders are able to exercise the full range of human rights and to access high-quality, culturally-appropriate health and social care in a timely way to promote recovery, all in order to attain the highest level of health and participate fully in society and at work free from stigma and discrimination. .

  21. CMH-AP Goal • To promote mental well-being, • prevent mental disorders, • provide care, enhance recovery, • promote human rights • and reduce the mortality, morbidity, and disability for persons with mental disorders.

  22. Cross-Cutting Principles • Universal access and equity • Human rights • Evidence-based practice • Life course approach • Multisectoral approach • Empowerment of persons with mental disorders “Evidence-based practice: Mental health strategies and interventions for treatment, prevention and promotion need to be based on scientific evidence and/or best practice, taking cultural considerations into account.”

  23. CMH-AP Objectives (note the six targets not included below) • 1. To strengthen effective leadership and governance for MH • 2. To provide comprehensive, integrated, and responsive MH and social care services in community-based settings • 3. To implement strategies for MH promotion and protection including actions to prevent mental disorders and suicides • 4. To strengthen information systems, evidence, and research for MH

  24. CMH-AP All are needed: governments, civil society, etc. 26. Effective implementation of the global mental health action plan will require actions by international, regional and national partners. These partners include but are not limited to: • • development agencies including international multilateral agencies (for example, the World Bank and United Nations development agencies), regional agencies (for example, regional development banks), subregional intergovernmental agencies and bilateral development aid agencies; • • academic and research institutions including the network of WHO collaborating centres for mental health, human rights and social determinants of health and other related networks, within developing and developed countries; • • civil society, including organizations of persons with mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities, service-user and other similar associations and organizations, family member and carer associations, mental health and other related nongovernmental organizations, community-based organizations, human rights-based organizations, faith-based organizations, development and mental health networks and associations of health care professionals and service providers.

  25. CMH-APObjective 2: To provide comprehensive, integrated and responsive mental health and social care services in community-based settings. • Global target 2: Service coverage for severe mental disorders will have increased by 20% (by…2020).

  26. CMH-APGlobal Target 2 Proposed actions for international and national partners • 66. Use funds received for direct service delivery to provide community-based mental health care rather than institutional care. • 67. Assist the training of health workers in skills to identify mental disorders and provide evidence based and culturally-appropriate interventions to promote the recovery of people with mental disorders. • 68. Support coordinated efforts to implement mental health programmes during and after humanitarian emergency situations, including the training and capacity building of health and social service workers.

  27. CMH-APObjective 4 (from Appendix 2, Options for Implementation) Evidence and research: • Improve research capacity and academic collaboration on national priorities for research in mental health, particularly operational research with direct relevance to service development and implementation and the exercise of human rights by persons with mental disorders, including the establishment of centres of excellence with clear standards, with the inputs of all relevant stakeholders including persons with mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities.

  28. CMH-APObjective 4—options for implementation (examples) • Enable strengthened cooperation between universities, institutes and health services in the field of mental health research. • • Conduct research, in different cultural contexts, on local understandings and expressions of mental distress, harmful (for instance, human rights violations and discrimination) or protective (for instance, social supports and traditional customs) practices, as well as the efficacy of interventions for treatment and recovery, prevention and promotion. • • Develop methods for characterizing mental health disparities that occur among diverse subpopulations in countries including factors such as race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status and geography (urban versus rural). • • Strengthen collaboration between national, regional and international research centres for mutual interdisciplinary exchange of research /esources between countries. • • Promote high ethical standards in mental health research, ensuring that: research is conducted only with the free and informed consent of the person concerned; researchers do not receive any privileges, compensation or remuneration in exchange for encouraging or recruiting people to participate in the research; research is not undertaken if it is potentially harmful or dangerous; and all research is approved by an independent ethics committee functioning according to national and international norms and standards.

  29. Summary Thoughts—MDHs 1(Moral Developers of Health) • Keep in the forefront the opportunities for “selfless moral struggle” in partnering with others (Patel et al. 2011, p. 90) and the “duty and choice to risk one’s owns rights and well-being” on behalf of fellow humans (O’Donnell, 2011, p. 187). Develop your personal character and professional competence as a responsible global citizen. Form a global caravan for your GMH journey in the service of humanity. (adapted from GMH: A Resource Primer for Exploring the Domain, 2012)

  30. Summary Thoughts—MDHs 2Human Rights and Human Hearts • "...the world community has further advanced [the international human rights] dimension of its mission [more] than in any other field, and the international consciousness about genocides and other abuses of rights is higher today than at any other time...[however] the disappointments come with the knowledge--amply provided by UN agencies, the churches, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and others--that so many governments, large and small, are still acting in defiance of the Universal Declaration [of Human Rights], the Geneva conventions [the rules of international humanitarian law in armed conflicts], and all subsequent protocols. Few countries have completely clean hands, a number of them are major culprits, and where political order has collapsed, the atrocities multiply. ...international pressure against abuses has to be kept up...But the real improvements will come in the hearts and consciences of humankind, not in additional machinery[that is, structures and documents, italics ours]. • Paul Kennedy, The Parliament of Man: The Past, Present, and Future of the United Nations (2006), excerpts from chapter 8, "The Promise and Peril of the 21st Century" pp. 272-273

  31. Summary Thoughts—MDHs 3Can We Do It?.Can we really offer justice and freedom from want to a mid twenty-first-century earth of perhaps nine billion people, one-third of whom may live in squalor and desperation? [Surprises and setbacks] should not deter us from responding as best we can, using our talents to improve this always mixed record of trying “to save generations from the scourge of war,” “to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights,” and to promote “social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.” The original Preamble to the Charter of the United Nations had it right. The question is, can we do it? (Paul Kennedy, The Parliament of Man, 2006, 279, 289) ,paul

  32. For more information: GMH: A Resource Primer for Exploring the Domain (2012)https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxnbWhtYXB8Z3g6ZjBmYTI4MTFmMDNhZWU4CMH-AP 2013-2020http://www.who.int/mental_health/action_plan_2013/en/ .

  33. Global Mental HealthEvidence-Based Practice in Low Resource Countries Thank you! WHO Collaborating Centre on Mental Health of the University of Geneva, Department of Psychiatry

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