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Learn how to effectively read and write empirical research articles with this comprehensive guide. Discover the stratification of journals and the components of a written report, including the abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and appendix.
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Quote of the Day "If you would not be forgotten as soon as you are dead, either write something worth reading or do things worth writing." -Benjamin Franklin
The Written Report Notes on How to Read and / or Write Empirical Research Articles
Stratification of Journals – Three Tiers • Tier One – Journals distributed by a national organization or top Research One University • e.g. American Sociological Review • Tier Two – Journals distributed by a regional organization or Top Private Firm – (edited and externally reviewed) • e.g. Sociological Perspectives • Tier Three – Journals published by local or web based organizations - (edited but not externally reviewed). • e.g. Electronic Journal of Sociology
The Written Report - Sections • Title • Abstract • The Four Components • Appendix
The Written Report - Sections Report Title(what to look for) • Seek out the phrase “effects on” • The IV typically comes before this phrase • The DV typically comes after this phrase
The Written Report - Components Abstract (what to look for) • Statement of the Research • Keywords for Search Engines • Summary of the Findings
The Written Report - Components Part I - Introduction • Importance of the topic • Review of the Literature • Discussion of the problem/issue • Statement of the Propositions
The Written Report - Components Part II - Methods • Description of the Population/Sample • Description of Instrument / Operationalizations • Procedure Followed to Obtain Data
The Written Report - Components Part III - Results • Restatement of each hypothesis • Presentation of statistical data (e.g. tables) -------------------------- Table-1 about here --------------------------
The Written Report- Components Part IV - Discussion • Interpretation of results re: the hypotheses • Limitation of sample, procedure, analysis • Suggestions for further research
The Written Report Appendix (what to look for) • Footnotes • References /Bibliography - MLAAPAASA • Tables, Graphs and Figures
Reference Format Comparison • Books: 1(MLA) 2(APA) 3(ASA) 1. Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. New York: Pocket, 1993. • Okuda, M., & Okuda, D. (1993). Star trek chronology: The historyof the future. New York: Pocket Books. 3. Herrera-Sobek, María and Helena María Viramontes. 1995. Chicana (W)rites: On Word and Film. Berkeley, CA: Third Woman Press.
Reference Format Comparison • Journal Articles: 1(MLA) 2(APA) 3(ASA) 1. Wilcox, Rhonda V. "Shifting Roles and Synthetic Women in Star Trek: The Next Generation." Studies in Popular Culture 13.2 (1991): 53-65. 2. Wilcox, R. V. (1991). Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star trek: The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65. 3. Garcia, Alma M. 1998. "An Intellectual Odyssey: Chicana / Chicano Studies Moving into the Twenty-first Century." Journal of American Ethnic History 18:109.
Reference Format Comparison • Web Articles: 1(MLA) 2(APA) 3(ASA) 1. Lynch, Tim. "DSN Trials and Tribulations Review." Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club. 1996. Bradley University. 8 Oct. 1997 <http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html>. • Lynch, T. (1996). DS9 trials and tribulations review. Retrieved October 8, 1997, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction ClubWeb site: http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html • Smith, Herman W. and Takako Nomi. 2000. "Is Amae the Key to Understanding Japanese Culture?." Electronic Journal of Sociology 5:1. Retrieved May 5, 2000 (http://www.sociology.org/content/vol005.001/smith-nomi.html).