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Inter-VLAN Routing: A CCNA Exploration Guide

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18 diapositives · 318 Views · Feb 26, 2013

The ins and outs of Inter-VLAN routing, configuring routers for seamless VLAN communication, and troubleshoot connectivity issues effectively. Learn essential networking concepts to boost your CCNA knowledge. Master VLAN separation, router setup, and troubleshooting techniques. Perfect resource for Semester 3 CCNA students.

#intervlan routing #ccna exploration #vlan configuration #troubleshooting issues
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Inter-VLAN Routing: A CCNA Exploration Guide
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  1. Inter-VLAN routing CCNA Exploration Semester 3 Chapter 6 S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  2. Topics • Routing network traffic between VLANs • Configuring a router for routing between VLANs • Troubleshoot inter-VLAN connectivity issues S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  3. LAN Design Basic Switch Concepts Wireless VLANs STP Inter-VLAN routing VTP Semester 3 S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  4. Inter VLAN routing Switch keeps VLANs separate. Router can route between VLANs (subnets). S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  5. Traditional inter-VLAN routing • The router has one physical port for each VLAN. • Each port has an IP address on its own VLAN. • Routing is the same as routing between any subnets. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  6. Traditional inter-VLAN routing Router looks up 192.168.2.0 network – port F0/1 Router sends out packet through F0/1 to switchport F0/2 Send packet to F0/0 of router ARP request to find MAC address of default gateway Switchport F0/2 is on VLAN30 and forwards to PC3. PC1 has a packet for 192.168.2.19 – different subnet S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  7. Traditional inter-VLAN routing Trunks between switches. No trunk to router. No tags on frames to router. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  8. Trunk to the router • You soon run out of router ports. • What about making a trunk link to the router? • A trunk link can be used with several VLANs on the same physical port. • But each VLAN needs a different IP address. • So use subinterfaces, each with its own IP address. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  9. Router on a stick R1 F0/0 has subinterfaces, one for each VLAN. Each has its own IP address. VLAN tags on trunk. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  10. Availability of trunking • Not all routers allow subinterfaces for VLAN trunking on Ethernet ports. • It depends on the IOS feature set. • Some of ours do, others do not. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  11. Subinterfaces • Subinterfaces take the interface name followed by a dot and a number. • It is normal to use the VLAN number. If this ties in with the IP address, even better. • E.g. interface f0/0.10 • The subinterfaces each have an IP address. • The physical interface has no IP address • The physical interfaces needs no shutdown S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  12. Configuring subinterfaces • R1(config)#interface f0/0.10 • R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 10 • R1(config-subif)#ip address 172.17.10.1 255.255.255.0 • (add any other subinterfaces) • R1(config-subif)#interface f0/0 • R1(config-if)#no shutdown S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  13. Routing table • Subinterfaces are shown 172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 172.17.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.10 C 172.17.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.30 S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  14. Subinterface considerations • Routers have a limited number of interfaces, so subinterfaces help where there are many VLANs. • Subinterfaces share the bandwidth on a physical interface so can cause bottlenecks. • Cheaper to use subinterfaces. • Simpler physical layout but more complex configuration with subinterfaces. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  15. Multilayer switch • A multilayer switch can route between VLANs. • But that’s CCNP. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  16. Revision • There is some revision of setting up VLANs and VLAN trunking. • Much of the router material is revision because semester 3 can be taken before or alongside semester 2. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  17. Troubleshooting • Check physical connections • Check switchport VLAN assigment • Check trunking on switches • Check IP addressing and subnetting scheme in relation to VLANs • Check router subinterface configuration S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  18. The End S Ward Abingdon and Witney College