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PREAMBLE OF COMPUTER (ORGANIZATION TEC -401)

PREAMBLE OF COMPUTER (ORGANIZATION TEC -401). FACULTY’S INTRODUCTION. APPORV GARG SHRANKHLA SAXENA K.K.SINGH 4. CABIN NO – 306/1 5. 9368139338 6. sk_kushlesh@yahoo.com 7. MEETING HOURS: 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm. 2. INDEX: -. FACULTY’S INTRODUCTION PREAMBLE STRUCTURE HOLISTIC FIX

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PREAMBLE OF COMPUTER (ORGANIZATION TEC -401)

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  1. PREAMBLE OF COMPUTER (ORGANIZATION TEC -401)

  2. FACULTY’S INTRODUCTION • APPORV GARG • SHRANKHLA SAXENA • K.K.SINGH • 4. CABIN NO – 306/1 • 5. 9368139338 • 6. sk_kushlesh@yahoo.com • 7. MEETING HOURS: 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm 2

  3. INDEX: - FACULTY’S INTRODUCTION PREAMBLE STRUCTURE HOLISTIC FIX KEY CONCEPT KEY RESEARCH AREA KEY APPLICATION INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION RESEARCH HOW WE STUDY KEY JOBS PROJECTS ONE CAN DO TRENDS 3

  4. Holistic Fix Industrial Applications Key Concept and Practical examples Research Key Research Areas Academic Calendar Key Applications TEACHERS INTRODUCTION APPORV GARG K.K.SINGH CABIN NO – 306/1 9368139338 sk_kushlesh@yahoo.com MEETING HOURS: 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm INTRODUCTION TO “COMPUTER ORGANIZATION” WHY? WHAT? WHERE? HOW? Key Jobs and Company’s Lecture Plan How we Study Projects one can do Reference Book Journals Future trends

  5. HOLISTIC FIX OF “COMPUTER ORGANIZATION” • PREREQUISITES • (2ND YR) • Basic Computer knowledge • switching theory. • Basic Mathematics. • Basic Programming.

  6. HOLLISTIC FIX………CONTINUED • PRE REQUISTES • (4th Semester) • Basic of Switching theory • About Flip flops • Basic Complementation(r s & r-1 s ) • About K-Maps • Basic of Programming • How program works • Knowledge of working of Software • Basic Hard ware knowledge • What are the basic functions of computer hardware? 6

  7. HOLLISTIC FIX………CONTINUED SCOPE IN RELATED FIELDS… • Computer Hardware • General Computer Science • Information Technologies • Computer Architecture • In Research field

  8. COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

  9. Fig(a)  Structure of IAS – detail

  10. Why COMPUTER ORGANIZATION? • Main features – Description of basic hardware components . – Inter connection b/w the components. • Advantages: – interaction, co-operation and sharing of resources • Benefits – reduced costs, improved availability and performance

  11. Typical examples • ALU – Arithmetic and logical unit • Memory (DMA) – Direct memory Access • Control unit – MAR , MDR , PC, IR, • I/O Systems – IOP

  12. Commercial Computers • 1947 - Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation • UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) • US Bureau of Census 1950 calculations • Became part of Sperry-Rand Corporation • Late 1950s - UNIVAC II • Faster • More memory

  13. Transistors Replaced vacuum tubes Smaller Cheaper Less heat dissipation Solid State device Made from Silicon (Sand) Invented 1947 at Bell Labs William Shockley et al.

  14. Growth in CPU Transistor Count

  15. Generations of Computer • Vacuum tube - 1946-1957 • Transistor - 1958-1964 • Small scale integration - 1965 on • Up to 100 devices on a chip • Medium scale integration - to 1971 • 100-3,000 devices on a chip • Large scale integration - 1971-1977 • 3,000 - 100,000 devices on a chip • Very large scale integration - 1978 to date • 100,000 - 100,000,000 devices on a chip • Ultra large scale integration • Over 100,000,000 devices on a chip

  16. Semiconductor Memory • 1970 • Fairchild • Size of a single core • i.e. 1 bit of magnetic core storage • Holds 256 bits • Non-destructive read • Much faster than core • Capacity approximately doubles each year

  17. Intel • 1971 - 4004 • First microprocessor • All CPU components on a single chip • 4 bit • Followed in 1972 by 8008 • 8 bit • Both designed for specific applications • 1974 - 8080 • Intel’s first general purpose microprocessor

  18. Speeding it up • Pipelining • On board cache • On board L1 & L2 cache • Branch prediction • Data flow analysis • Speculative execution

  19. Performance Mismatch • Processor speed increased • Memory capacity increased • Memory speed lags behind processor speed 19

  20. DRAM and Processor Characteristics

  21. Trends in DRAM use

  22. Solutions • Increase number of bits retrieved at one time • Make DRAM “wider” rather than “deeper” • Change DRAM interface • Cache • Reduce frequency of memory access • More complex cache and cache on chip • Increase interconnection bandwidth • High speed buses • Hierarchy of buses

  23. KEY JOBS & COMPANIES • NSNwww.nokiasiemensnetworks.com • ST microelectronicswww.st.com • Reliance Communications www.relianceinfo.com • Bharti Airtelwww.airtel.in • distributed systems software engineer c linux jobs http://jobs.trovit.com/jobs/distributed-systems-software-engineer-c-linux • R Systems

  24. KEY JOBS & COMPANIES Public sector • Defense Research & Development Organization. www.drdo.org • Bharat Electronics Limited. www.bel-india.com • Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. www.bsnl.co.in • Deloitte Consulting's Public Sector www.deloitte.com/us/carriers

  25. HOW WE STUDY......? 25

  26. PROJECTS IN COMPUTER ORGANIZATION Services-Based and Service-Oriented Middleware • Advanced Protected Services (APS) Survivable Systems • Advanced Protected Services (APS) • OASIS Dem/Val • Intrusion Tolerance through Unpredictable Adaptation (ITUA) • PhishBouncer Information Management • QoS Enabled Dissemination (QED) • Value Factor Based Information Lifecycle Management (VFILM) • Context Aware QoS • Extensible Layered Services for Information Space Federation (ELSIF) • Dynamic Reconfiguration and Interoperation in Infospace Communities

  27. PROJECTS IN COMPUTER ORGANIZATION • Applications that Participate in their Own Defense (APOD) • Quorum Distributed Object Integration (QuOIN) • Toolkit for Adaptable Distributed Applications (OIT) • Adaptive Quality of Service for Availability (AQuA) Networked Systems and Network Quality of Service • Dynamic Integrated Resource Management (DIRM) • Distributed Shared Workspace (DSW) • OpenMap • MicroPathfinder • PINS Distributed Agents • Cougaar Agent Middleware PC TO PC Wireless Communication By using IEEE 802.11b

  28. PROJECTS IN COMPUTER ORGANIZATION Adaptive Middleware and Quality of Service • QoS Enabled Dissemination (QED) • Context Aware QoS • Quality Objects (QuO) • Adaptive Multi-Layer Middleware Systems (AMMS) • Designing Protection and Adaptation into a Survivability Architecture (DPASA) • Program Composition for Embedded Systems Open Experimental Platform (PCES OEP) • Design-Time Support for Runtime Adaptation Strategies (MoBIES) • Aspects in Real-time Embedded Systems (AIRES) • Intrusion Tolerance by Unpredictability and Adaptation (ITUA)

  29. THANK YOU

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