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Understanding Simple Machines: Types, Mechanical Advantage, and Efficiency in Physics

Explore the fundamentals of simple machines, including levers, pulleys, and inclined planes. Learn about mechanical advantage, which measures the ratio of output force to input force, and discover how these machines can modify force and distance. Through practical examples, such as using a claw hammer or an inclined ramp, this guide illustrates the concept of efficiency in real-world applications. Gain insights into mathematical calculations for mechanical advantage and efficiency, helping to understand how machines enhance our ability to perform work.

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Understanding Simple Machines: Types, Mechanical Advantage, and Efficiency in Physics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Simple Machines Physics – 8.4 notes

  2. I. The simple machine • Types of Simple Machines… • Lever • Pulley • Wheel and axle • Screw • Wedge • Inclined plane

  3. Any device that transmits or modifies force • Def – • Table 8-6 pg. 298 • Using Simple Machines 1. Mechanical Advantage – ratio of forceout compared to forcein a. 2. MA – ratio of distancein compared to distanceout a.

  4. 3. Ex: A carpenter uses a claw hammer to pull a nail from a board. The nail has a resistance of 2500 N. The carpenter applies a force of 125 N. What is the mechanical advantage of the hammer? 4. Ex: A 3.75 meter long ramp is used to get a 1000 N sofa onto the back of a 1.25 meter high trailer. What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the ramp? 20.0 MA 3 .oo MA

  5. What machines can do… 1. alter force and distance MA > 1  force in reduces, but…  distance increases MA < 1  force in increases, but…  distance decreases

  6. How much input energy is lost compared to how much energy is used to perform work on an object. • Efficiency (real machines) 1. Def – 2. a. 100% efficient??? 3. Ex: A sofa weighing 1000 N must be placed in a truck bed 1.2 m off of the ground. A worker uses a force of 500 N to push the sofa up the inclined plane that has a slope of 3.5 m. What is the efficiency of the inclined plane? 70% Efficient

  7. Physics Assignment • The efficiency of a squeaky pulley system is 73%. The pulleys are used to raise a mass to a certain height. What force is exerted on the machine of a rope is pulled 18.0 m in order to raise a 58 kg mass a height of 3.0 m? • A person lifts a 950 N box by pushing it up an incline. If the person exerts a force of 350 N along the incline, what is the MA of the incline?

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