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Taxonomy

KINGDOMS OF LIFE. Taxonomy. TAXONOMY: the science of classification. Classification- the grouping of objects or information based on similarities. ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.) First taxonomist (“Father of Classification”).

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Taxonomy

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  1. KINGDOMS OF LIFE Taxonomy

  2. TAXONOMY:the science of classification • Classification- the grouping of objects or information based on similarities.

  3. ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)First taxonomist (“Father of Classification”) “Mine is the first step and therefore a small one, though worked out with much thought and hard labor. You, my readers or hearers of my lectures, if you think I have done as much as can fairly be expected of an initial start … will acknowledge what I have achieved and will pardon what I have left for others to accomplish.”

  4. PLANTS ANIMALS Herbs On Land Shrubs In the Air Trees In Water Aristotle created:TWO KINGDOMS

  5. 1707-1778 Carolus Linnaeus / Carl von Linne`The Father of Modern Taxonomy

  6. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • Two word naming system • Genus - first word • Species - second word • Describes a characteristic of the organism • Latin is the language used (some Greek) • (Also called “Linneaus’s system”)

  7. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION: KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS 0RDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES “Species”: organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

  8. HOW ORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED: STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES BREEDING BEHAVIOR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION CHROMOSOME COMPARISONS BIOCHEMISTRY SIMILAR DNA PHYLOGENY CLADISTICS MODE OF NUTRITION PROKARYOTEOR EUKARYOTE

  9. Theory of Evolution: the change in populations over time Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) • Proposed that species changed over time by natural selection • Natural selection – organisms with traits suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than others less suited • Homologous structures – similar structures of common ancestors • Research was conducted on the Galapagos Islands

  10. THE SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE • PLANTS • ANIMALS • FUNGI • PROTISTS • EUBACTERIA • ARCHAEBACTERIA

  11. KINGDOM PLANTAE • Multicellular • Eukaryotes • Autotrophs/ photosynthesis • Cell walls (made of cellulose) • Sexual reproduction (most) by seeds or spores • Found on all types of land

  12. KINGDOM ANIMALIA • Multicellular • Eukaryotes • Ingestive heterotrophs • Cell membranes • Specialized cells • Sexual reproduction (most) by eggs & sperm • Found everywhere

  13. KINGDOM FUNGI • Multicellular (most) • Eukaryotes • Absorptive heterotrophs (extracellular digestion) • Cell walls (made of chitin) • Sexual and/or asexual reproduction – by spores • Found in damp, dark environments

  14. KINGDOM PROTISTA • Unicellular or multicellular • Eukaryotes • Heterotrophs (protozoans) and/or autotrophs (algae) • Plantlike (algae), animal-like (protozoans) or funguslike • Sexual and/or asexual reproduction • Found in aquatic habitats

  15. KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA • Unicellular • Prokaryotes • Cell walls • Reproduce asexually (binary fission) and/or sexually (conjugation) • Live in extreme habitats: 1. Oxygen-free (Methanogens) 2. Salty brines (Halophiles) 3. Hot, acidic H20 (Acidophiles)

  16. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA • Unicellular • Prokaryotes • Cell walls • Binary fission and/or conjugation • Some are: 1. Parasites 2. Saprophytes (saprobes) 3. Autotrophs • Live everywhere

  17. THE END!

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