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PROPLEM DIFINITION

PROPLEM DIFINITION.

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PROPLEM DIFINITION

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  1. PROPLEM DIFINITION • Heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat from a fluid (liquid or gas) to another fluid where the two fluids are physically separated. The Shell and Tube is the most common type of heat exchanger used in the process, petroleum, and chemical industries, it contains a number of parallel u-tubes inside a shell. • Heat exchanger E-104 is shell and tube (horizontal) heat exchanger with change phase in the tube side by condensate the flow of this stream .In the shell side there are benzene but in the tube there are all water

  2. E-104 is operated in the shell in this condition .

  3. And the tube side is operated in these conditions

  4. Materials of construction: I checked in the materials compatibility program I found that with cresol the suitable materials is carbon steel because medium corrosion. The main functions of heat exchanger E-104 are to controlled the feed temperature of the distillation (T-100) , by increase it from 25to 165.1 for the first and decrease it from 500C to 151.8C respectively

  5. Insulation: The insulation material for E-104 is mineral wool (10.0) according to this figure. Since the highest temperature is 500C .

  6. Calculations: Duty = 1.455*10^7KJ/HR Overall coefficient: from table in the book 12.1 (4-4)

  7. Exchanger Type and Dimension

  8. Heat Transfer Area

  9. Assume 4 tube passes

  10. Bundle and Shell Diameter

  11. Tube side Heat Transfer Coefficients where jh is the heat transfer factor , assume that the viscosity of the fluid is the same as at the wall : (µ/µwall) = 1 (hi di / kf) = jh Re Pr0.33 * (µ/µwall)0.14

  12. Shell side heat Transfer Coefficient: Assume: lb = .05*Ds Assume: baffle cut is 25% , then get jh from figure 12.29

  13. Overall Coefficient: Assume Kw = 45 W/m.C (for carbon stainless steel) (from figure 12.6)

  14. For fouling factor (hod) from table 12.25

  15. Tube Side pressure drop ΔPt = Np [ 8jf (L/di)(µ/µw)^(-m) +2.5 ] ρut²/2 Where ΔPt is tube side pressure drop Np is number of tube side passes Ut is tube side velocity L length of one tube Neglecting the viscosity correction term, (µ/µw) = 1

  16. Thickness: t = (Pri/(SEJ-0.6P))+Cc Where: t = shell thickness (in) P = Maximum allowable internal pressure (psig) ri = internal radius of shell before allowance corrosion is added (in) EJ = efficiency of joints S = working stress (psi) Cc = allowance for corrosion (in)

  17. Cost: Cost = 26500$ from matche program

  18. L-V Separator V-100

  19. Definition: The Vessel V-100 is used as liquid-vapor separator in which the feed to the vessel enters with 190 oC and 3410 KPa

  20. Metals: The Separator is made from carbon steel because of its ability to tolerate high temperature and its low cost compare to other metals. Also, from the material compatibility program we found that with our component suitable material is carbon material is carbon steel because there is no corrosion. The range of the temperature for the carbon steel is from -20 to 600 F and our Vessel operates at 190 oC which is within the range Flow rate:

  21. Insulation: The insulation material for our Vessel is Glass Fiber 4.0 according to this figure. Since the Vessel highest temperature is 190ºC

  22. Diameter:

  23. Thickness: The thickness is depending on many factors such as material type, operating temperature and the stress on the material. The following calculations will show the value of the thickness

  24. Cost: • Cost of Vessel • Volum: • V=A*t A=((2*r*3.14*H)+(4*3.14*r^2)) Weight: W=V*ρ ρ carbon steel=7900kg/m3 w=93154.83kg = 205313.26ib Cost From Matche  406000$ Cost of insulation = (406000) (0.1) =40600$  Cost = 406000+40600=446600 $

  25. Distillation Column (T-102)

  26. Problem definition: • Distillation is defined as a process in which a liquid or vapor mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the application and removal of heat.

  27. Materials of construction: • I checked in the materials compatibility program I found that with cresol the suitable materials is Stainless steel 304 because medium corrosion.

  28. Thickness: • The thickness is depending on many factors such as material type (in my case is stainless steel)and the stress on the material. • T = 8.64mm

  29. Insulation: • The insulation material for our Distillation is mineral wool (10.0) according to this figure. Since the highest temperature is 260.1C .

  30. Physical property :

  31. calculate Plate pressure drop and real stage:

  32. Column Diameter calculation:

  33. K1 "Top" = 0.129, K1 "Bottom" = 0.108

  34. Calculated liquid flow pattern Single Pass Plate could be used

  35. Provisional Plate Design

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