1 / 15

pbs/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/vaccine/index.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/vaccine/index.html. Plate 34. Antiviral Vaccines & Drugs. Vaccines. A vaccine stimulates the body to make proteins that destroy specific foreign organisms. Vaccine History.

grazia
Télécharger la présentation

pbs/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/vaccine/index.html

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/vaccine/index.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/vaccine/index.html

  2. Plate 34 Antiviral Vaccines & Drugs

  3. Vaccines • A vaccine stimulates the body to make proteins that destroy specific foreign organisms.

  4. Vaccine History • 1700s, Edward Jenner, an English scientist, noticed that milkmaids did not get smallpox • Milkmaids commonly became infected with cowpox, which is similar to smallpox, but much more mild • 1796, Jenner took pus from a milkmaid’s hand, injected it into a young boy, then inoculated the boy with smallpox – the boy never contracted smallpox

  5. Antigens • Antigen – a substance that causes the production of antibodies in the immune system • Derived from the term antibody generator • Typically made of proteins or polysaccharides

  6. Antibody • Antibody – an immune system protein found in the blood that identifies and neutralizes antigens • Antibodies have binding sites that recognize specific antigens • Vaccines stimulate antibodies without harmful effects

  7. Vaccine Production • Vaccines are produced by cultivating living viruses in a tissue culture • After a significant quantity of viruses have replicated, a physical or chemical agent is used to inactivates the virus • Inactivated viruses still stimulate antibody production in the host, but don’t cause the disease

  8. Warm-Up How do vaccines work?

  9. Attenuation • Attenuation – the process of using a “live” pathogen to create immunity • Attenuated viruses pass through a foreign host (ex: an egg) first, and specific viruses are selected for the vaccine • A mutated virus may survive well in the new host, but is now harmless in the original host

  10. Benefits of Attenuated Vaccines • Since the virus is still alive, it will continue to replicate, but slowly – thus, boosters aren’t required as frequently • Activates entire immune system • Inexpensive

  11. Drawbacks of Attenuated Vaccines • Small chance that the virus may become virulent again • May cause disease in people with weakened immune systems • Can be difficult to transport – need to keep viruses “alive”

  12. Vaccine Injections & Boosters

  13. DNA Review • A nucleotide is formed from a nucleoside (nitrogenous base + sugar) and a phosphate group • During viral replication, nucleotides are linked by polymerase enzymes

  14. Acyclovir • A drug that is classified as a “chain terminator” and acts as a “false nucleotide” • During viral replication, the acyclovir is attached to the nucleotide in front of it, but lacks an attachment point for the next nucleotide

  15. Acyclovir • Brand name: Zovirax • Used to treat people with chickenpox, shingles, and genital herpes • Doesn’t cure people with these diseases, but stops the spreading of the virus in your body

More Related