The Origins of Early Government in the Colonies

1. The Origins of Early Government in the Colonies Magna Carta The Mayflower Compact The Virginia House of Burgesses Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Declaration of Rights, 1689

2. DBQs • Each group has a primary source document that they will analyze.

3. Government- an organization that makes laws and sets policy • Representative- someone who was elected by a group to speak or stand for that group

4. Follow each of the steps in the Frayer Model to diagram the word representative governmentfor better understanding.

5. Follow each of the steps in the Frayer Model to diagram the word representative governmentfor better understanding.

6. You will record notes on this handout.

7. The Signing of the Magna Carta, 1215

8. The Magna Carta, 1215 • King John, an English King constantly demanded money and men for wars from his feudal barons. • The feudal barons in 1215 forced King John to sign a contract in which he agrees that he had “no right” to demand their property without their consent. Their consent was to be agreed upon in a grand council. • King must now get consent of the people

9. The Magna Carta • Two important aspects of the Magna Carta: • there must be a set of laws governing (precedents) how the King and his subjects will deal with each other. • No one is above the law- the King is not the highest authority and that he is bound by a higher law that limits his authority.

10. James II • “Divine Rights” belief that the king was God’s choice to rule on earth • A monarch has absolute power over his nation • A monarch appoints government officials who answer to him not the people • A monarch passed laws without the peoples consent or input

11. The Glorious Revolution • Glorious because no one died in battle and Revolution because the English overthrow the last Catholic monarch • Parliament takes away many powers from the monarchy • Monarchs William of Orange and Mary agree to give Parliament more power

12. English Bill of Rights, 1689 • Monarchs William of Orange and Mary agree to give Parliament and people have more power under Bills of rights than the monarchs: • Parliament- was a group of representatives who helped govern Britain with the monarch. • Parliamentmakes the laws, raises taxes • Parliament approves the raising of an army • Parliament and people have free speech against the government • Trial by jury • Elections and debates

13. Virginia House of Burgesses, 1619

14. Virginia House of Burgesses • 1619 the first elected representative government appears in Virginia. • House of Burgesses imposed taxes and ran the colony by making laws. • It is modeled after the English Parliament. • English Parliament was England’s lawmaking elected government.

15. Signing of the Mayflower Compact

16. Mayflower Compact, 1620 • 1620, Pilgrims arriving near the New England Coast agree to write a contract that allows for self-government. • The Mayflower Compact promised that every adult male would vote for the Governor and his advisors on a yearly basis. • It supports the idea of majority rule.

17. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639

18. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639 • First written constitution in North America. It was the work of a Puritan clergyman, Thomas Hooker. • It was a outline for self-government for Connecticut.The well being of the community came before the individual. • Adult males elected a governor, assistants, and a legislative assembly to make lawsfor the community.

19. Colonial Government • Governments throughout the 13 colonies elected their own representatives • Representatives impose taxes, fines and managedcolonial affairs

20. Why did representative government grow? • Because of the distance between England and the colonies, colonists were forced to establish self-government to establish order. • Colonists believe theyare Englishmen andshould have a say in their government • Salutary neglect- Colonists are used to running their governments on their own, the English have let the colonies get used to this

21. Colonial Government • King appointed the governor in his place • Governor appointed by King and had final say on laws • Assembliesmade laws, passed taxes, paid governor’s salary which made the governor listen to the assemblies

22. Freedom of the Press • John Peter Zenger Trial, 1735 • Arrested for exposing governor’s corruption in his paper • Charged with seditious libel • Wins freedom of press and papers will begin to address political issues

23. Who had representation? • White males who owned property were allowed to vote in colonial assemblies. • Women, African Americans, poor white males and Native Americans were excluded from this right.

24. Colonial Government • What important English Rights did the colonist gain from the following dates. 1215, 1689, 1735? • What is a representative government? • Who had more power in the colonial government system. The king, governor or the assemblies? • Compare and contrast a monarchy and a representative government. • Create an illustrated time line on representative government in colonial America.

25. Window Pane Summary

26. Do you know. . . • William Penn • Montesquieu • John Locke • William Bradford • Roger Williams • William Blackstone • Thomas Hooker

27. Who am I (Significant Individuals in the development of Self-Government in the Colonies) • I guaranteed political and religious freedom to all settlers in Pennsylvania; the colony that I founded after being granted the land by King Charles II to repay a debt owed to my father, while at the same time advocating for peace and equality for all. Who Am I? _______________________________ • I was fundamental in the creation of the Mayflower Compact in which all those who signed agreed to come together and make decision for the good of the whole in the Plymouth Colony. I helped shape the colony as it’s governor for 30 of my 35 years living in the colony promoting my beliefs in self government with town meetings as an example. Who Am I? _____________________________________ • I was originally banished for my belief that the government had no authority over religion and that England should not be giving lands without payment to Indians. I founded the colony of Providence and later served as the Governor of Rhode Island. I was a strong advocate for the ideals of free opportunity, freedom of worship and separation of church and state. Who Am I? ___________________

28. My political theory was founded on the social contract theory. I believed that human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance. In a natural state all people were equal and independent, and everyone had a natural right to defend his “Life, health, Liberty, or Possessions." This phrase became the basis for the phrase in the American Declaration of Independence; "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness". Who Am I? ________________________________ • I was an English lawyer and judge who gave a series of lectures followed by the publication of my main work of note, Commentaries on English Law. This four volume set was designed to provide a complete overview of English law and was in fact used as textbooks for the teaching of law both in England and the United States for many years. My ideas influenced the legal system of the future United States by setting forth an idea for common law in both civil and criminal cases. Who am I? ____________________________

29. I preached in support of a democratic view of colonial government, favoring the vote for all men, regardless of any religious or property qualification. I also aided in the adoption of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. Who Am I? _______________________________ • I promoted the idea of separation of powers between three separate branches. The branches I suggested consisted of a king who would enforce the laws, Parliament which would make the laws, and the judges of the English courts (who interpreted laws). Furthermore I believed that these should not only be separate but equal. Who Am I? ______________________________

35. Roger Williams • Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island based upon principles of complete religious toleration, separation of church and state, and political democracy (values that the U.S. would later be founded upon). It became a refuge for people persecuted for their religious beliefs.

36. William Bradford • William Bradford was an English Separatist leader in Leiden, Holland and in Plymouth Colony. He helped create the Mayflower Compact and served as Plymouth Colony Governor five times covering about thirty years between 1621 and 1657