Nelson Mandela Nel-son Man-dela (no prefixes or suffixes)

2. Nelson Mandela Nel-son Man-dela (no prefixes or suffixes) Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa. (1918 – 2013) South African president and Nobel Peace Prize winner, he worked to improve the living conditions of black South Africans. Before becoming president, he protested against apartheid and was imprisoned for 26 years.

4. FW de Klerk F-W de Klerk (no prefixes or suffixes) F. W. de Klerk was the last white president before Mandela was elected. South Africa’s white president from 1989 – 1994, who released Nelson Mandelafrom prison and worked together with him to end apartheid

6. Apartheid A-part-heid Part (separate) Heid (hood) Many of the world’s companies, such as IBM, refused to do business with South Africa until they got rid of apartheid. South Africa’s government policy of separation of the races that was abandoned in the 1980s and 1990s; means “apartness”

8. AIDS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Africa has the most cases of AIDS. often deadly disease that attacks the immune system and is caused byHIV

10. Diamonds Dia-monds (no prefixes or suffixes) South Africa has benefited from the discovery of diamonds. one of the rarest and most expensive minerals; used for jewelry and industrial uses. In some African countries, diamonds have been a positive discovery (South Africa) but in some countries there have been “conflict diamonds” (or “blood diamonds”). Conflict diamonds are those sold to fund armed conflict.

12. South Africa Republic of South Africa

13. Flag • The flag colors do not have any official symbolism, but the Y stands for the "convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity“ • Black, yellow, and green are found on the flag of the African National Congress • Red, white, and blue are the colors in the flags of the Netherlands and the UK, whose settlers ruled South Africa during the colonial era

14. Map Capital is Pretoria

15. History • Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of modern day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the Far East, founding the city of Cape Town. • After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers (the Boers) moved north to found their own republics. • The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred wealth and immigration and intensified domination of the native inhabitants.

16. The British and the Afrikaners, as the Boers became known, ruled together beginning in 1910 under the Union of South Africa, which became a republic in 1961 after a whites-only referendum. • In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid - the separate development of the races - which favored the white minority at the expense of the black majority.

17. The African National Congress (ANC) led the opposition to apartheid and many top ANC leaders, such as Nelson Mandela, spent decades in South Africa's prisons. • Internal protests, as well as boycotts by some Western nations, led to the National Party's eventual willingness to negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule

18. The first multi-racial elections in 1994 brought an end to apartheid and ushered in majority rule under a government led by the ANC. • South Africa since then has struggled to address apartheid-era imbalances in decent housing, education, and health care.

19. Government • Republic • Distribution of Power – Federal • Civic Participation – Parliamentary Democracy

20. Three branches Executive Branch • Chief of state: President and head of government Jacob Zuma • Cabinet appointed by the president Legislative Branch • Bicameral Parliament consisting of the National Council of Provinces and the National Assembly Judicial Branch • Constitutional Court • High Courts • Magistrate Courts

21. Religious & Ethnic Groups • Zion Christian 11.1% • Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2% • Catholic 7.1% • Methodist 6.8% • Dutch Reformed 6.7% • Anglican 3.8% • Muslim 1.5% • Other Christian 36% • Other 3.7% • None 15.1% • Black African 79% • White 9.6% • Colored 8.9% • Indian/Asian 2.5%

22. Language • IsiZulu (official) 23.8% • IsiXhosa (official) 17.6% • Afrikaans (official) 13.3% • Sepedi (official) 9.4 • English (official) 8.2% • Setswana (official) 8.2% • Sesotho (official) 7.9% • Xitsonga (official) 4.4% • other 7.2%

23. Economy • South Africa has developed into the strongest economy in the Sub-Saharan region after recovering from international sanctions placed on it during apartheid • South Africa has a mixed economy. It has been making a transition from an almost completely command economy to a market economy over the past several decades. • The government has let citizens take over many of the industries it used to run but still owns some oil and gas companies

24. South Africa has grown from primarily mining, fishing, and agriculture to include manufacturing and service industries • Wealth is still largely divided along racial lines • Whites have good incomes while many blacks still live in poverty but the government is working to change this

25. Major Industry • Mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium) • Automobile assembly • Metalworking • Machinery • Textiles • Iron and steel • Chemicals • Fertilizer • Foodstuffs • Commercial ship repair

26. Natural Resources • Gold • Chromium • Antimony • Coal • Iron ore • Manganese • Nickel • Phosphates • Tin • Rare earth elements • Uranium • Gem diamond • Platinum • Copper • Vanadium • Salt • Natural gas

27. Geography & Climate • Located at southern most tip of Africa • South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland Climate: • Mostly semiarid • Subtropical along east coast • Sunny days, cool nights

28. Environmental Issues • Lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures • Growth in water usage outpacing supply • Pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge • Air pollution resulting in acid rain • Soil erosion • Desertification

29. Life Expectancy • Total 49.2 • Male 50.0 • Female 48.3 • Literacy Rate • Total 86.4% • Male 87% • Female 85.7% • GDP • $10,700 per capita • Population • 49,109,107 • Below Poverty Level • 50%

30. Mrs. Simmons “DREAM” vacation home – along the Indian ocean in Plettenberg Bay, South Africa