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The Hebrews & Judaism

The Hebrews & Judaism. I. The Early Hebrews. Ancestors of people called Jews Judaism – monotheistic religion originating with the Israelites Foundation of Hebrew & Christian Bibles. II. Hebrew Fathers. 5 books – Torah; sacred text of Judaism Called the Old Testament of Christian Bible

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The Hebrews & Judaism

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  1. The Hebrews & Judaism

  2. I. The Early Hebrews • Ancestors of people called Jews • Judaism – monotheistic religion originating with the Israelites • Foundation of Hebrew & Christian Bibles

  3. II. Hebrew Fathers • 5 books – Torah; sacred text of Judaism • Called the Old Testament of Christian Bible • Abraham – told by God to abandon Mesopotamia & polytheism • God’s Covenant = solemn promise • God will lead people to the Promise Land • Descendantswill be a mighty people • Jacob – (grandson of Abraham) had 12 sons • 12 tribes of Israel

  4. III. Moses & Exodus • Moses – told by God to lead people out of Egypt • Plagues – terrified Pharaoh & agreed to free Israelites • Exodus – journey out of Egypt • Desert – Israelites wander for years before reaching Canaan • Mt. Sinai – 10 Commandments ->major influence on western society today

  5. IV. The Promise Land • Promised by God to flow with milk & honey • Others already lived in Canaan so Israelites battled for years • Once controlled the land became Israel

  6. V. Saul, David, Solomon • Saul – first king of Israel • Chosen for military leadership • Never gained full support of people • David – king about 1000 BC • Well loved, united Israelites • Grew a strong kingdom centered in Jerusalem • Solomon – son of David • Israel reaches height of wealth • Built temple in Jerusalem

  7. VI. Division • Death of Solomon – 930 BC • Conflict over ruler ripped Israel in 2 • 2 New Kingdoms • 10 northern tribes for Israel • 2 southern tribes for Judah

  8. VII. Conquered • Israel – conquered by Assyrians • Scattered across their empire • Judah – conquered by Chaldeans • Destroyed temple in Jerusalem • Jews taken to Babylon as slaves • Called the Babylonian Captivity • Diaspora – the scattering of Jews outside of Judah • Persian Empire conquered Chaldeans • Allowed Jews to move back to Jerusalem • Many stayed in Babylon or moved to Persia

  9. VIII. Teachings of Judaism • Belief in One God – monotheism • Justice & Righteousness • Treat others with kindness & fairness • Do what is right when others do not • Code of ethics  carried to Christianity • Obedience to the Law • 10 Commandments • Mosaic Law – guides many areas of Jewish Life • How to pray • What to eat • Where to worship

  10. IX. Sacred Texts • Torah – 1 part of the Hebrew Bible • First 5 books of Christian Old Testament • Genesis • Exodus • Leviticus • Numbers • Deuteronomy • Prophets – teachings of Israelite prophets • Writings – lessons, histories, poetry, proverbs • Talmud – explanations & interpretations of other sacred texts

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