EOC Review Packet #3

1. EOC Review Packet #3

2. Biomolecules Comparison Chart Organic molecules are based on CARBON. • Use the chart in the packet comparing the following biomolecules in the venn diagrams:

3. Carbohydrates & Lipids SUGARS, STARCHES, CELLULOSE CHITIN Fats, oils, phospholipidswaxes and Steroids CHO Used for energy and structure ENERGY Used for cell membranes

4. Nucleic Acids & Proteins CHONPS DNA & RNA Store and transmit genetic information Amino acids Enzymes CHON Used to build and repair CHONP

5. Carbohydrates & Proteins CHO CHONPS SUGARS, STARCHES, CELLULOSE CHITIN Amino acids Enzymes Used to build and repair Used for energy and structure

6. Nucleic Acids & Lipids CHO CHONP Fats, oils, phospholipids waxes and Steroids Used for cell membranes DNA & RNA Store and transmit genetic information

7. Label these Structures Nucleotide/Nucleic Acid Amino Acid/Protein Monosaccharide/carbohydrate Triglyceride/Lipid

9. 3 Protein to amino acids

11. 2 They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules.

12. Which compounds present in insects are composed of the amino acids that provide the Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their nitrogen? A. Proteins C. Sugars B. Carbohydrates D.fats

13. Which compounds present in insects are composed of the amino acids that provide the Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their nitrogen? A. Proteins C. Sugars B. Carbohydrates D. Fats

14. Identify the stages of Mitosis • A. Prophase • B. Metaphase • C. Anaphase • D. Telophase • E. Cytokinesis Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to both each other and the parent cell due to the complementary rule.

15. Describe what is happening at each phase of the cell cycle • G1 – cell performs regular processes. If the cell gets too large, then… • S – DNA replicates • G2 – cell gets ready to divide • Mitosis – nuclear division • Cytokinesis – divison of the cytoplasm

16. DNA Replication • Nucleotide • DNA strand • New DNA strand Semiconservative Model of DNA replication shows that each new DNA molecule has one original and one new strand due to original strand serving as a template for the new strand (complementary rule). A B C

17. Protein Synthesis • Describe the purpose and process of transcription and translation. Transcription – a copy of the gene is coded in mRNA Translation – the mRNA is read by the ribosome and a protein is made.

18. A

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20. Genetics – Punnett Squares A

21. MEIOSIS: • Explain why there is only half the number of chromosomes in the resulting gametes: Reduction division – the cell goes through 2 rounds of division. DNA doesn’t replicate before the 2nd round so by the end the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

22. Genetic Recombination Examine the process of genetic recombination which occurs during prophase I of meiosis. In your own words explain what and how recombination occurs. Chromosomes cross over and pieces break off and combine with the homologous chromosome. How does genetic recombination lead to diversity within a species population? Mixes up the genes on the chromosomes into new combinations.

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26. Modern Genetics: • What is the name of the figure to the right? What is the name of the abnormality in the circle? Karyotype • During which process did this abnormality result in, mitosis or meiosis? Meiosis • How did this abnormality occur? Nondisjunction (failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or II)

27. What is the name of the figure to the left? DNA fingerprint • How is this figure used? Identifies individual since each DNA fingerprint is unique to that individual (exception is identical twins) • Which suspect left the DNA at the crime scene? How do you know? 2 because it matches the crime scene DNA.

28. What is the name of the figure to the left? Pedigree • Are the males carriers of this disease or is it passed on to them? Can’t be carriers; passed on • Explain how this is a x-linked disease: Males have the disorder because they only inherit 1 X chromosome. • Why did only one son become affected and the other did not? 50/50 chance each conception

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30. Types of Mutations: Identify as deletion, inversion, duplication, or translocation DELETION TRANSLOCATION INVERSION DUPLICATION

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32. EVOLUTION • Explain how adaptive radiation is a mechanism of natural selection: Environment favors phenotypes that give organisms an advantage. Those best adapted to the environment survive to reproduce passing on their genes to the next generation Each generation better adapted to the environment then the one before.

33. Compare homologous to analogous structures. • Analogous – no recent closely related relative. Different structure, same function. Homologous - recent closely related relative. Same structure , different function. • Which structures share a recent closely related ancestor? homologous

34. How does embryological evidence support the theory of evolution? Right after conception, all vertebrates start out looking very similar. The more closely related, the longer they look alike.

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37. What is occurring in each graph? • 1. Either end of the spectrum is favored. • 2. The mid-range of the spectrum is favored. • 3. The range of the spectrum shifted from smallest to the largest.

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39. From the following list of common and Latinized names determine which pair represents the two most closely related plants. • broad bean Viciafaba • castor bean Ricinuscommunis • kidney bean Phaseolusvulgaris • potato bean Apiosamericana • scarlet runner bean Phaseoluscoccineus broad bean and castor bean castor bean and kidney bean kidney bean and scarlet runner bean scarlet runner bean and castor bean potato bean and broad bean C

40. Identify the names of the two norns below by using the dichotomous key to the left. • Dichotomous Key on Norns • 1. Has pointed ears .................................... go to 3 ....Has rounded ears ....................................go to 2 • 2. Has no tail ............................................. Kentuckyus ....Has tail .................................................. Dakotus • 3. Ears point upward .................................... go to 5 ....Ears point downward ..............go to 4 • 4. Engages in waving behavior ............................. Dallus ....Has hairy tufts on ears ..........................................Californius • 5. Engages in waving behavior ............................. WalaWala ....Does not engage in waving behavior....................go to 6 • 6. Has hair on head ............................................. Beverlus ....Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) .......go to 7 • 7. Has a tail ............................................. Yorkio ....Has no tail, aggressive ............................ Rajus Beverlus Dallus

41. Describe how viruses and bacteria are similar:

42. Describe the importance of antibiotic treatment and the failure of its effectiveness: Antibioticskill bacteria but overuse leads to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. • How is this similar to chemical pesticide resistance in plants? Same thing happens with pesticides and insects. • How does resistance to treatment affect particular populations in terms of survival of the fittest and species continuation or depletion? Those best adapted survive to reproduce - Leads to resistant strains of bacteria.

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