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Low noise road surfaces : current practices in Europe

2 nd Workshop Brussels, 24 march 2009 Recommendations for future harmonised European policies. Low noise road surfaces : current practices in Europe. Fabienne Anfosso-Lédée LCPC, France. NOISE. ROLLING RESISTANCE. Noise in TYROSAFE. TYROSAFE:

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Low noise road surfaces : current practices in Europe

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  1. 2nd Workshop Brussels, 24 march 2009 Recommendations for future harmonised European policies Low noise road surfaces : current practices in Europe Fabienne Anfosso-Lédée LCPC, France

  2. NOISE • ROLLING RESISTANCE Noise in TYROSAFE TYROSAFE: Tire and Road Surface Optimisation for Skid Resistance and Further Effects

  3. Noise: an environmental problem EC Green Paper on Future Noise Policy, 1996 • 20% of EU population (~80 M) exposed to unacceptable noise levels • annual costs caused by noise pollution estimated between 0.2% and 2% of GPD • Road transport noise is the dominant source (90% of the EC population exposed to noise levels > 65 dB(A)). • EC regulations of noise sources since the 1970’s • Result : limited effect after 25 years : • Traffic growth • Longer periods of high noise emission • More roads and spread of built areas …etc

  4. Noise: an environmental problem • EC Directive 2002/49/EC : • Noise mapping for major cities and large transportation infrastructure >> need relevant noise emission models • Action plans >>need low noise emission solutions • MS designate competent authorities for drawing up and adopting maps and action plans • MS set ambient noise limits

  5. Noise: a difficult problem • National regulations to protect the residents • Different noise indicators: LAeq, Lden, LAmax • Different legal thresholds • Different application schemes: calculation, check by measurements… • Usually based on noise immission (emission + propagation)

  6. Scientific • Road noise emission mainly due to tire-road interaction Legislation ? Road noise emission • Different tools to reduce road noise emission: • improve vehicle /tire conception • Improve road surface conception • Build noise barriers • Traffic management: speed limits, reduce traffic volume (re-routing), increase fluidity Technical

  7. CEN standards for noise barrier intrinsic performances EN 1793 series Requirements on vehicle noise emission Directive 70/157/EEC Requirements on tire noise emission Directive 2001/43/EC No requirement for road noise performance Legislation on road noise emission

  8. Road authority • to promote the use of low noise surfaces • to specify requirements in tendering procedure for low noise surfaces (indicator, level of performance..) • to check requirements (which method ?) • to monitor the evolution of pavements Conformity of Production Monitoring procedure Road contractor Classification procedure • to select an appropriate surfacing answering to the contract specifications • to promote the use of its low noise product (Inland and abroad) Low noise pavements: need for requirements ?

  9. Tire/Road noise emission Tire/road noise mitigation: the current practice in EU

  10. Measurement methods Statistical Pass-By (SPB) tire-road noise measurements International standard ISO 11819-1 : 1997 (currently under revision) 1,2 m Limits... Ø restrictive site conditions Ø spot measurement 7,5 m

  11. TÜG, PL TRL, UK LCPC, F M+P, NL Characterization of low noise pavements Close Proximity (CPX) tire-road noise measurements International standard Pr ISO 11819-2 under draft Need (a) reference tire(s) : Pr ISO Technical Specification 11819-3 under draft • need further comparison of devices • a relationship with SPB is missing

  12. Low noise road surfaces • Max range 10 dB(A) • Effect of : • grading • porosity • Important dispersion within a pavement type SPB French data base, LCPC Strasbourg (Passenger Cars @ 90 km/h and 20°C)

  13. 2 layer Porous AC Low noise road surfaces Several techniques available: • Porous pavements, single or double layers • Thin semi-porous layers with small aggregate size • Rubber asphalts • … Very Thin AC Porous AC Dense A.C. Expected efficiency in practice: 3 – 5 dB(A) average benefit of pavement replacement at initial stage

  14. Low noise road surfaces Problem of ageing of acoustic performance of low noise road surfaces Example of Porous Asphalt Concrete 0/10 (French data base)

  15. Classification of low noise surfaces It is difficult to compare road surfaces in EU ! • No common names (definition) of pavement products • No common definition of low noise surfaces •  performance indicator: RSI (UK), Cwegdek (NL), Lm25 (D), LCPX (DK, Fin), LAmax (F),LMA (A), LAeq(24h) (S)… •  classification procedures. Active classification scheme in 4 countries : D, DK, NL, UK

  16. Classification of low noise surfaces EU Members with a noise classification system of road pavements (results from a questionnaire in TYROSAFE, set of 15 countries)

  17. Noise classification procedure Active systems in 4 European countries • Germany • Active since 1981 • Based on CPB/SPB measurements • Passenger cars @120 km/h • Reference indicator : Lm(25)“nicht geriffelter Gussasphalt” • Min. 5 sites • Netherlands • Based on SPB measurements, 5 m high • Reference indicator : Cwegdek, reference pavement DAC 0/16 • Car & trucks, with different reference speeds according to roads • Average on 5 worksites if within 2 dB(A)

  18. Noise classification procedure • U.K. (HAPAS) • Based on SPB measurements • Reference indicator : RSI : difference between the traffic noise level calculated from SPB tests and the theoretical level for the reference surface • Reference surface ~ newly-laid 20 mm Hot Rolled Asphalt. • Reference speeds for PC & trucks according to road : high speed (110/90 km/h) or medium speed (80/70 km/h) • Min. 2 sites • Danemark • Based on CPX measurements • 5 classes ranging from A (particularly good) to E (no noise reduction) • Reference speeds : 50 km/h and 80 km/h

  19. NCAG – CEN / TC 227 group … Noise classification procedure • SILVIA / INQUEST (EU-FP5) classification scheme • CLASSIFICATION : SPB • texture • CPX (for SPB spot assessment and further COP checks) • sound absorption • COP Check : CPX after 2 months • texture + absorption • MONITORING : CPX

  20. COP test procedure EU members where noise specifications are introduced in tendering procedures (set of 15) EU Members where a procedure for COP of acoustic properties is active (set of 15) •  specifications, limits, requirements •  indicators •  methods for checking: CPX, SPB, LAeq •  periods of guarantee and penalties

  21. Conclusions • Measurement methods • Existing (relative) consensus on 2 methods: SPB and CPX • CPX, SBP, but also proxi method needs to be further developed and validated • Harmonised Noise Classification of road surfaces: do we need one ? • Harmonised COP test procedure : do we need one ? • How to integrate evolution over time of performances ?

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