Objective 6.0

1. Objective 6.0 Define solution in terms of solute and solvent (5 EQT questions)

2. Mixtures • Are combinations of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes. • There are two different types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous

3. Heterogeneous • A type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly. • Substances are usually easy to tell apart

4. Homogeneous • A homogeneous mixtures contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together. • Another name for a homogeneous mixtures is a solution.

5. Solutions • A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other. • Solutions are made of two parts: solute and solvent

6. Solute and Solvent • Solute - the substance being dissolved, present in the smaller amount • Solvent - the substance in which the solute is dissolved, present in the larger amount • Example: Chocolate Milk Solute=cocoa powder Solvent=milk

7. Water is known as the universal solvent.

8. Diffusion • Diffusion: the process by which substances move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. • Example: Sugar or salt dissolving in water. Think Koolaide, instant coffee or tea, Crystal Lite

9. Diffusion • Molecules in solution tend to slowly spread apart over time. This is diffusion.

10. [High] [Low] Diffusion concentrated, high energy molecules diffuse, low energy molecules

12. Osmosis • Osmosis is the movement of WATER through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high-water concentration to an area of low-water concentration. • At first the concentration of solute is very high on the left. • But over time, the water moves across the semi-permeable membrane, and dilutes the particles.

13. Three Types of Solutions • Isotonic Solutions • Hypertonic Solutions • Hypotonic Solutions

14. Isotonic Solutions • In an isotonic solution the solute and solvent are equal. • A cell normally wants to remain in an isotonic solution where the concentration of the liquid inside of it equals the concentration of the liquid outside of it.

15. Hypertonic Solution • A hypertonic solution is one with a high concentration of solutes when compared to another solution which is separated from it by a semi permeable membrane. • In a hypertonic solution, a cell shrivels as fluids move out of the cell and into the surrounding solution. A hypertonic solution has a greater concentration of dissolved substances and a smaller concentration of water.

16. Hypotonic Solutions • With a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is lower than that of a solution on the other side of a membrane, which means that water will be drawn out of the hypotonic solution and into a hypertonic solution. • In a hypotonic solution, a cell expands as fluids move into the cell and out of the surrounding solution. A hypotonic solution has less concentration of dissolved substances and a greater concentration of water.

18. 8th Grade Advanced

19. Additional Terms • An aqueous (ey-kwee-uhs) solution is one in which water is the solvent • A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble. • A substance that does NOT dissolve in a solvent is said to be insoluble.

20. Two liquids that are soluble in each other are said to be miscible (mis-uh-buhl). Two liquids that are NOT soluble in each other are said to be immiscible.