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Confined Space Assessment

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Confined Space Assessment

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    1Confined Space The Assessment

    2The Need On January 14, 1993, in response to the large number of employees killed while working inside confined spaces, OSHA issued its final rule on Permit-required confined spaces – 29 CFR 1910.146. This standard contains several requirements intended to ensure employee safety while performing work in confined spaces

    3Perform Assessment The first step in implementing an effective confined space program is to conduct a facility-wide confined space assessment to identify all confined spaces. OSHA defines a confined space as a space that meets all three of the following criteria:

    41—Large enough to bodily enter and performed assigned work An employee must be capable of entering the entire space. What is the smallest opening that an employee can fully bodily enter? It depends on the size of the employee. When performing the assessment, consider the smallest employee at your worksite. The photo to the right is an example of a space large enough for an employee to bodily enter.

    5 2-Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces may have limited means of entry). This condition applies when you are required to bend or stoop to enter a space – making rescue difficult. Also, spaces that require a ladder to obtain entry satisfy this condition. However, if you can stand fully upright while walking through the opening – such as walking through a door way – and walk unobstructed, this condition is not met. Also, it is not considered restricted entry when access is obtained by walking down a set of stairs. To gain access into the pit shown to the right, employees must use the fixed ladder.

    63—Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy Is the space designed so that an employee may safely work in the space for a prolonged period of time – such as a service pit in an automotive garage? If so, this condition does not apply. Spaces like reactors, manholes, silos, and furnaces are not designed for continuous employee occupancy and therefore, satisfy this definition. The picture to the right is the inside of a wastewater pit

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    81---Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere Examples include spaces with an oxygen deficient (<19.5% oxygen) atmosphere or an oxygen enriched (>23.5% oxygen) atmosphere. Additional examples include confined spaces containing toxic atmospheres such as hydrogen sulfide gas, or spaces containing flammable vapors. The picture to the right is an oven heated with natural gas.

    92—Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant. Grain, sand, dust, and water are examples of materials that may pose an engulfment hazard to employees. The picture shown to the right is a silo with product supplied from above that could engulf an employee working inside the silo.

    103—Has inwardly converging walls or a floor sloping down to a smaller cross-section. Employees may become trapped in a space containing inwardly converging walls, making rescue difficult. Typical examples include hoppers, silos, and dust accumulators (shown at right).

    114—Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. Examples include confined spaces that contain moving parts such as an auger, or a confined space containing a dangerous material such as hot molten plastic or steam. In addition, an elevator shaft would meet this condition. The photo to the right is a confined space that contains both a conveyor (mechanical hazard) and a radioactive source (health hazard).

    12The confined space assessment is now complete and all permit-required confined spaces have been identified. Employers must inform employees of the presence of confined spaces by posting danger signs, or by any other effective means, such as training and written procedures. Please remember that employers may utilize a definition of a permit-required confined space that is more stringent than OSHA’s definition.

    13If an employer elects not to have employees enter permit-required confined spaces Appropriate measure must be taken to prevent employees from entering these spaces. If it is decided that employees will enter permit-required confined spaces, the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.146 must be satisfied. However, a company may elect to use alternate procedures or reclassification. These options eliminate the requirements for entry permits, attendants, rescue provisions and mechanical retrieval devices.

    14Alternate Procedures The employer can demonstrate that that the only hazard posed by the permit space is an actual or potential hazardous atmosphere and that continuous forced air alone is sufficient to eliminate any hazardous atmospheres and prevent their accumulation.

    15Reclassification This applies to all spaces that pose no actual or potential atmospheric hazard and if all hazards are eliminated without entry into the space. Some common examples include augers that may be locked out from outside the space or an engulfment hazard where the material is removed from the confined space

    16Mandatory If alternate procedures or reclassification is not possible, all provisions of 29 CFR 1910.146 must be satisfied prior to employee entry into the space.

    17THE END

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