Bell Ringer 12/1

1. Bell Ringer 12/1 One way in which the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907) are similar is that they (1) reflected nativist attitudes in the United States (2) encouraged a policy of popular sovereignty (3) led to an increase in Asian immigration (4) eased requirements for citizenship

2. Land Conservation -Yellowstone national park established on 1872, 1st national park. -Presidents Harrison and Cleveland set aside 35 million acres of land. -President Teddy Roosevelt will set aside more than 200 million acres of land for national forests, mineral reserves, and water projects. -Most parks located in the West.

3. Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 -President Garfield is assassinated by an individual who was expecting a job in his administration through the spoils system. Chester A. Arthur now becomes President and obtains Congress’s support for civil service reform. Becomes law in 1883, creates a Civil Service Commission which classifies government jobs and tests applicants’ to ensure they are qualified and fit for jobs.

4. Political Machines & the Rise of Political Bosses

5. Political Machines - Unofficial city organizations designed to keep a particular party or group in power…usually headed by a single powerful “boss”. Sometimes the boss held power – more often he hand-picked those that would serve and would get them elected- - exchange of favors - Ward leaders controlled districts and handed out jobs or contracts to those who did them favors. - in exchange they voted for the party candidates.

6. -bribes to the political machine could get a business favors from the city government • Immigration was blamed for the success of political machines • Often the machines would help new immigrants when other organizations or formal city government could not. • In turn immigrants voted for and paid unfair bribes to political bosses in order to keep jobs, apartments, and the peace.

7. Bell Ringer 12/6 In the United States Constitution, the power to impeach a federal government official is given to the (1) House of Representatives (2) president (3) state legislatures (4) Supreme Court

8. Boss Tweed & Tammany Hall -Tweed controlled the NYC Democratic Party Machine known as Tammany Hall Tweed was famous for padding bills and submitting false receipts, and collecting bills on imaginary services, making the machine millions of dollars. Thomas Nast to the Rescue

9. Political Cartoons of Thomas Nast

13. “the Brains”

14. Thomas Nast Cartoonist for the National paper Harper’s Weekly. Through years of publishing cartoons exposing the truths of Tweeds corruption, Tweed was eventually arrested and convicted of his crimes in 1873. Even though Tweed is brought down, Tammany Hall dominates NYC polities for another half century.

16. Populist Party In 1891, the farmers alliance creates this third party. Populists platform included: Increased circulation of money Progressive income tax, more money you make the more you pay in taxes. Supported 8 hour work day.

17. Election of 1896 http://www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america/videos/the-rise-of-thomas-edison#presidential-election-of-1896

18. Turner’s Frontier Thesis Frederick Turner claimed that the frontier played a central role in forming American character. Frontier forced immigrants to shed their old ways and adapt, invent, and innovate. Frontier produced highly individualistic, bent on self-improvement, and committed to democracy individuals.

19. Bell Ringer 12/7 In the United States, industrial unions of the 1880’s and of the 1980’s had similar goals in that both campaigned for 1) national health insurance 2) better unemployment insurance 3) greater job security and higher wages 4)wage and price freezes

20. AFRO-AMERICAN LEADERS BOOKER T. WASHINGTON W.E.B. DuBOIS

21. TWO DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES AS TO WHAT BLACK PEOPLE SHOULD DO TO SECURE THEIR RIGHTS WASHINGTON DuBOIS

22. HE HELPED FORM THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE IN 1909. THIS GROUP OF BLACKS AND WHITE LIBERALS WORKED FOR FULL CITIZENSHIP AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR BLACK AMERICANS. W.E.B. DuBOIS

23. FREDERICK DOUGLAS WAS WIDELY REGARDED AS THE LEADER AND SPOKESMAN FOR THE BLACK COMMUNITY UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1895. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON ASSUMED DOUGLAS’S ROLE BUT WAS CHALLENGED BY W.E.B. DuBOIS. THE TWO HAD DIFFERING IDEAS ON HOW BLACK AMERICANS SHOULD DEAL WITH THE RACISM AND LACK OF OPPORTUNITY.

24. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-month/videos/web-dubois-and-the-niagara-movementhttp://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-month/videos/web-dubois-and-the-niagara-movement

25. Bell Ringer 12/8 W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington most strongly disagreed over which issue? the constitutionality of the Sherman Antitrust Act. the construction of the Panama Canal methods to achieve racial equality support for the allies in WWI

27. Reform in the Cities • Initiative – people may petition the legislature for a proposed law • Referendum – voters decide if a law or amendment should be passed • Recall – method used to force elected officials from office • Secret Ballots – prevents party bosses from knowing peoples votes • Direct Primary – allows voters rather than party to select candidates that will run

28. Urban Living Conditions Cities during this time period grew upward and outward. Tenement houses were low cost apartment buildings designed to house as many families as the owner could fit in. Before long because of poverty, overcrowding, and neglect neighborhoods gradually declined. Areas with many tenement houses often times became slums and ghettos. Ghettos- area in which one ethnic or racial group dominates, many immigrants chose to live near others of their ethnic backgrounds.

29. How the Other Half LivesBy Jacob Riis Muckrakers- Journalists who alerted the public of wrongdoings in politics and business. -became known for his descriptions of tenement life as experienced by immigrants living in the City's poorest tenement house districts. -forced the public (the advantaged half) to acknowledge the poverty that existed in tenements. - Helped pave the way towards the Tenement Act of 1901.

34. Bell Ringer 12/9 What was a common purpose of the three amendments added to the US Constitution between 1865 and 1870? 1. extending suffrage to Southern women 2. reforming the sharecropping system 3. granting rights to African Americans 4. protecting rights of Southerners accused of treason

35. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair -1906 book that described the horrors of the meat packing industry. - Book led to the creation of federal Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

36. Jane Addams -1889 she open Hull House a settlement house in Chicago. -Made significant social and economic contributions to the lives of poor people living in Chicago. -Worked to get laws regulating labor and tenement housing.

37. Bell Ringer 12/12 The Meat Inspection Act (1906) and the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) were efforts by the federal government to (1) protect public health and safety (2) support business monopolies (3) restrict foreign competition (4) regulate child labor

38. 1912 Election -Theodore Roosevelt(1901-1908) and William Howard Taft(1908-1912) both vying for Republican nomination. Taft, being incumbent Republican President, receives nomination, Roosevelt starts 3rd party called Bull Moose Party. Woodrow Wilson, Gov of NJ, wins Democrat nomination. Wilson wins 42% of popular vote but still wins election because Republican party split.

39. Woodrow Wilson • Financial Reform • Clayton Antitrust Act – prohibited buying stock of one company if it would create a monopoly & legalized unions and farm organizations • Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – given power to investigate corporate activities • Income Tax – 16th Amendment started a graduated income tax system • Federal Reserve System – Federal Reserve Act of 1913 started the system still used today, 12 districts in the US with a regional central bank.

41. IDA TARBELL Revealed after years of diligent research the illegal means used by John D. Rockefeller to monopolize the early oil industry.

42. Bell Ringer 12/13 The national income tax, free and unlimited coinage of silver, and the direct election of senators were proposals that were included in the 1)Declaration of Sentiments 2)Republican plan for Reconstruction 3)Populist Party platform 4)Federal Reserve System

43. FRANK NORRIS Novel exposed the stranglehold the railroads had over wheat and other farmers. It called for regulation of railroad corporations.

44. 19th Amendment When men went to fight in WWI in 1917, millions of women to their places in factories, mills, and mines. Because of this, an amendment was introduced establishing that no state could deny a citizen the right to vote based on gender.

45. STATES THAT GAVE WOMEN THE SUFFRAGE BEFORE THE 19TH AMENDMENT 1919

46. Native Americans Gain Citizenship -Dawes Act of 1887 encouraged assimilation into American culture. -American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 made all Native Americans citizens of the US with full voting rights.

47. Bell Ringer 12/14 The theory of Social Darwinism was often used to justify the 1)creation of the Ku Klux Klan 2)formation of business monopolies 3)use of strikes by labor unions 4)passage of antitrust laws

48. Bell Ringer 12/15 What was a major goal of the Dawes Act (1887)? 1)to provide a tribal legislature to govern all reservations 2)to remove the Cherokees from the southeastern United States 3)to strengthen Native American Indian tribal unity 4)to encourage assimilation of Native American Indians

49. Bell Ringer 12/16 One reason John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan were sometimes called robber barons was because they 1)robbed from the rich to give to the poor 2)made unnecessarily risky investments 3)used ruthless business tactics against their competitors 4)stole money from the federal government