An Era of Social Change

1. CHAPTER An Era of Social Change 31 Overview Time Lines 1 Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality SECTION 2 Women Fight for Equality SECTION 3 Culture and Counterculture SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 31 Immigration and Migration Civil Rights Women in America The American Dream CHAPTER An Era of Social Change 31 HOME “The times they are a-changin´.” Bob Dylan, singer

3. What do you know? • • What images or symbols come to mind when you think about the 1960s? • What people—including politicians, musicians, and activists—helped shape the 1960s? CHAPTER An Era of Social Change 31 HOME

4. 1962 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta found the National Farm Workers Association. 1966 National Organization for Women (NOW) is formed. National Farm Workers Association merges with another farm workers union to form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee. 1967Twenty-fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, providing guidelines for presidential and vice-presidential succession, takes effect. 1968Native American activists found American Indian Movement (AIM). 1975Congress passes Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act. 1972Congress passes Equal Rights Amendment. 1970Political party La Raza Unida is formed. CHAPTER Time Line 31 HOME The United States

5. 1962Chinese forces invade India. 1963Civil war breaks out between Greeks and Turks on Cyprus. 1967Six-Day War erupts between Israel and Arab nations. 1969President Charles de Gaulle of France resigns. 1970Anwar el-Sadat becomes president of Egypt. 1971General Idi Amin Dada seizes power in Uganda. 1972Earthquake kills 10,000 in Nicaragua. CHAPTER Time Line 31 HOME The World

6. Learn About the problems faced by Latinos and Native Americans. To Understand their campaigns for civil rights and economic justice. SECTION 1 Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality HOME

7. SECTION 1 Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality HOME Key Idea The nation’s Latinos and Native Americans demand greater equality in housing, employment, education, and political representation.

8. SECTION 1 Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were the broad similarities between the issues faced by Latinos and Native Americans during the 1960s? What were each group’s unique concerns? SIMILARITIES Great diversity within both groups Pride in their cultural heritage Concerns over their children’s education Political activism High unemployment Poverty Second-class citizenship Militant factionsVictims of prejudice NATIVE AMERICANS Desire to remain outside mainstream society with greater autonomy LATINOSDesire for greater assimilation into mainstream society

9. SYNTHESIZING What criteria would you establish for judging the effectiveness of an activist organization? THINK ABOUT • UFWOC, MAPA, and La Raza Unida • AIM and the Indians of All Tribes • the leaders and activities of these organizations SECTION 1 Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. CONTRASTING How did the Native American movement of the 1960s differ in general from the civil rights struggle of African Americans and Latinos? THINK ABOUT • Vine Deloria, Jr.’s statement • the Declaration of Indian Purpose • the goals of AIM • African Americans’ and Latinos’ desire for greater assimilation in mainstream society SECTION 1 Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the social and economic barriers that women faced in American society. To Understand the rise of a new and diverse women’s movement during the 1960s. SECTION 2 Women Fight for Equality HOME

12. SECTION 2 Women Fight for Equality HOME Key Idea A new feminist movement emerges during the 1960s, as women fight to improve their opportunities and status in society.

13. 1970 Demonstration commemorates 50th anniversary of woman suffrage. 1963 Betty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique. 1973 Supreme Court’s ruling in Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion. 1966 National Organization for Women is formed. 1972 Ms. is founded.Congress passes Equal Rights Amendment and bans sex discrimination in federally assisted educational programs and activities. SECTION 2 Women Fight for Equality HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some key events relating to the women’s movement?

14. HYPOTHESIZING What if the Equal Rights Amendment had been ratified? Speculate on how women’s lives might have been different. THINK ABOUT • rights addressed by the amendment • legal support that the amendment might have provided • possible reactions from groups opposing the amendment SECTION 2 Women Fight for Equality HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. FORMING AN OPINION In 1976, Betty Friedan wrote, “We have lived the second American Revolution.” Do you think she is overstating the historical importance of the women’s movement by comparing it to the American Revolution? THINK ABOUT • the movement’s legacy • what you already know about the American Revolution and its outcome SECTION 2 Women Fight for Equality HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About the ideals and lifestyle of the counterculture movement of the 1960s. To Understand its impact on young people in the 1960s and beyond. SECTION 3 Culture and Counterculture HOME

17. SECTION 3 Culture and Counterculture HOME Key Idea Groups of disillusioned youths shun the social activism of the times and choose instead to “drop out” of society and establish their own way of life.

18. The Counterculture Beliefs Lifestyle Impact on Society SECTION 3 Culture and Counterculture HOME 3 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some examples of the counterculture’s beliefs, lifestyle, and impact on society? • rejection of mainstream society’s materialism and technology • opposition to war • vision of a society filled with peace, love, and harmony • pop art • men’s and women’s fashions, especially blue jeans • rock ´n´ roll • conservative backlash • rock ´n´ roll music • outrageous clothing • drug use • communal living

19. COMPARING AND CONTRASTING Draw parallels between the Woodstock rock concert in upstate New York and the Rolling Stones rock concert in California. What do you think were the key similarities and differences? THINK ABOUT • what each event came to symbolize • the prevailing atmosphere at each event SECTION 3 Culture and Counterculture HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. GENERALIZING A stereotype is a rigid generalization made about a group. What stereotype do you think hippies might have formed about mainstream Americans? What stereotype do you think mainstream Americans might have formed about hippies? Why? THINK ABOUT • hippies’ values and lifestyle • mainstream Americans’ values and lifestyle • reasons for the decline of the counterculture SECTION 3 Culture and Counterculture HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. 31 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. Cite examples of groups that make up America’s Latino population. 2. What strategy did both Cesar Chavez and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., use to achieve their goals? How did Chavez successfully apply this tactic? 3. What was the focus of the Declaration of Indian Purpose, drafted in 1961? How did President Johnson respond to the declaration in 1965? 4. What were the demands of the American Indian Movement organizers who staged the “Trail of Broken Treaties” march on Washington in 1972? 5. Name three changes that members of the National Organization of Women (NOW) advocated.

22. 31 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. What was the Supreme Court’s decision in the Roe v.Wade case? 7. What three traditionally male-dominated professions did women enter in much greater numbers as a result of the women’s movement? 8. Briefly explain the role Timothy Leary played in the counterculture movement. 9. What urban areas became popular hangouts for the hippies during the 1960s? 10. What unintended impact did the counterculture have on many mainstream Americans?