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Pregnancy and Early Development

Pregnancy encompasses a complex series of stages beginning with fertilization, where the egg and sperm unite to form a zygote. The zygote travels to the uterus, where it implants and starts its development as an embryo, forming critical structures like the placenta and umbilical cord. The pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, each marked by significant growth and development milestones. Early care is crucial; avoiding harmful substances, maintaining a nutritious diet, and following prenatal guidelines can support a healthy pregnancy.

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Pregnancy and Early Development

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  1. Pregnancy and Early Development

  2. STEP ONE: Fertilization • Union of egg and sperm cell to form one cell (zygote) in the female fallopian tube. • Zygote travels to the female uterus. During this time it begins dividing into multiple cells.

  3. Step Two: Embryo Implants in the Uterus • From the time of fertilization through the first eight weeks of development is called an Embryo • Implementation occurs when the embryo travels from the fallopian tube and embeds in the wall of the uterus Human Embryo 5-6 Weeks of Development

  4. Placenta Supports the Baby • The placenta supplies nutrients, oxygen, and removes waste from the developing human • Umbilical Cord connects the embryo/fetus to the placenta

  5. Stages of Pregnancy

  6. 1st Trimester • Major growth and change occur • Heart starts beating • Arm & leg buds appear • Eyes & brain begin to develop • Bones & muscles develop • Brain waves detected

  7. Fetus • Start of the 9th week until delivery • Begin to take on more human characteristics

  8. 2nd Trimester • Months 4-6 • Organ systems continue to develop • 4 months “kick” • Male or female known • Hear and recognize sounds • Hair forms • Facial features • Can survive premature at this time

  9. 3rd Trimester • Months 7-9 • Gains most of its weight (approx. 5 pounds) • Can grasp with hands

  10. IDENTICAL TWINS One egg + One sperm Divides after fertilization to form 2 zygotes Same genetic material = same sex FRATERNAL TWINS Two eggs + Two sperm Most common Usually separate sexes Multiple Births

  11. Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy • Avoid alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy (caffeine and tobacco) and exposure to cigarette smoke • Maintain a nutritious diet (450 calories) • Prenatal Vitamins provided by healthcare provider • Exercise • Have all medical conditions evaluated

  12. Problems During Pregnancy Miscarriage- death of fetus from natural complications prior to the 20th week of pregnancy Premature Birth- Early Birth Ectopic Pregnancy- implementation of the fertilized egg in the fallopian tube Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- set of birth defects affecting a fetus and caused by exposure to alcohol

  13. Stages of Childbirth Fetus drops to a lower position one month prior to childbirth • First Stage: Dilation • Second Stage: Expulsion • Third Stage: Placental Types of Childbirth: • Natural • Cesarean Section (C Section)

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