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The Rise of Empires and the Foundations of Western Civilization

This lecture explores the emergence of small kingdoms and the evolution of vast empires in early Western civilization. Key themes include the foundational role of Hebrew religion in shaping Western belief systems and the increasing demand for sacrifice of individual rights in powerful empires. It highlights the innovative design of Phoenician warships, the military prowess of Assyrian leaders like Tiglath-Pileser I, and the consequences of defeat, as exemplified by the surrender of King Jehu to the Assyrians, leading to the Jewish people's subjugation.

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The Rise of Empires and the Foundations of Western Civilization

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Early Western CivilizationLecture #2 Small Kingdoms and Bigger, Better Empires

  2. Themes • The Hebrew religion laid the foundation of Western religion. • The development of large, conquering empires demanded even more submission of the rights of the individual.

  3. Phoenician Warship • A Phoenician warship on a stone relief of ca. 800 B.C.E. has two banks of oars, a fortified upper deck protected by a row of shields, and a ram for piercing the side of enemy ships. Warships were driven by oars rather than sails because they had to be able to travel even when there was no wind and to go in any direction, regardless of where the wind was coming from. HIP/Art Resource, NY

  4. Phoenician Ivory Miniature

  5. Assyrians • Who was Tiglathpileser I? When did he rule? • How did he describe himself in this inscription? Why would he describe himself in this manner? • What accomplishments did he credit to himself? • How did he and his soldiers conduct themselves in battle and in victory?

  6. Assyrian Palace at Nimrud • This relief from the Assyrian palace at Nimrud shows Tiglath Pileser III and the Assyrian army besieging a city with scaling ladders and a battering ram. Impaled bodies at the bottom show the results of the siege. The Assyrians’ ability to capture heavily fortified cities was a primary factor in their army’s, and their empire’s, success. Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum

  7. Surrender of the Jews • The Jewish king Jahu finally surrendered to the Assyrians. Here his envoy kneels before the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III in total defeat. Although the Assyrian king treated Jahu well, his people were led off into slavery. British Museum/Michael Holford

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