1 / 20

Central Processing Unit Part I I

Central Processing Unit Part I I. Bayram G üzer. Data Representation: On/Off. Computers are known as complex machines but the reality is they only know two things ON (electricity turned on) OFF (electricity turned off) The two-state on/off system is called as binary system.

gyan
Télécharger la présentation

Central Processing Unit Part I I

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Central Processing UnitPart II Bayram Güzer

  2. Data Representation: On/Off • Computers are known as complex machines but the reality is they only know two things • ON (electricity turned on) • OFF (electricity turned off) • The two-state on/off system is called as binary system.

  3. Data Representation: On/Off

  4. Data Representation: On/Off • Each 0 or 1 in the binary system is called a bit (binary digit) • The bit is the basic unit for storing data in computer memory. • Since single bits by themselves cannot store all the numbers, letters, and special characters, a computer must process the bits together in a group called as byte. • There are 8 bits in a byte.

  5. Data Representation: On/Off • Each byte usually represents one character of data • A letter, digit or special character. • There are 8 bits in a byte. • Capacity of memory and storage are expressed in term of the number of bytes data they can hold.

  6. Data Representation: On/Off • When number of bytes come together, they are expressed as kilobytes. • It is abbreviated as KB or K. • 1 kilobyte is equal to 1024 bytes. • Ex; Old PC memories. • A computer word, is defined as the number of bits that constitute a common unit of data, as defined by the computer system. • 32 or 64 bits for most personal computers today.

  7. Data Representation: On/Off • When number of kilobytes come together, they are expressed as megabytes. • It is abbreviated as MB which also means 1 million bytes. • 1 megabyte is equal to 1024 KB. • Ex; Diskette, cd-rom or etc… • When number of megabytes come together, they are expressed as gigabytes. • It is abbreviated as GB which also means 1 billions of bytes. • 1 gigabyte is equal to 1024 megabytes. • Ex; Hard disks

  8. Data Representation: On/Off • B: Byte b: bit • KB: Kilobyte - Kb: Kilobit • MB: Megabyte - Mb: Megabit • GB: Gigabyte - Gb: Gigabit • 1 B = 8 b (bit) • 1 KB = 1024 B • 1 MB = 1024 KB • 1 GB = 1024 MB

  9. Data Representation: On/Off • 1024 KBps --- 1024 Kbps (128 KBps) • 2048 KBps --- 2048 Kbps (256 KBps) • 4096 KBps --- 4096 Kbps (512 KBps)

  10. 8-bit Representation ?

  11. 8-bit Representation ?

  12. Data Representation: On/Off • It is known that a collection of bits can represent a character of data • But, what particular set of bits is equivalent to which character? • There must be an agreement on which groups of bits represent which characters. • ASCII • EBCDIC • Unicode

  13. Data Representation: On/Off • The code called ASCII, which stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange uses 7-bit for each character which is equivalent to 128 unique combinations. • A more common version is ASCII-8 which is also called as extended ASCII which can represent 256 different characters. • ASCII representation has been accepted as universal character representation in computing systems.

  14. Data Representation: On/Off • EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code • It is used primarily on IBM and IBM-compatible mainframes • Unicode is designed to accommodate alphabets of more than 256 characters • Uses 16 bits to represent one character • 65,536 possible values (216) • Requires twice as much space to store data

  15. Data Representation: On/Off

  16. Hierarchy of Instructions

  17. Hierarchy of Instructions

  18. Hierarchy of Instructions

  19. Hierarchy of Instructions

  20. References • Capron, H. L. (2000). Computers Tools for an Information Age.(6th ed.). New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. • http://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/wolfe/book/Readings/Reading04.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_%28signal_processing%29 • http://www.yale.edu/pclt/PCHW/clockidea.htm • http://www.camiresearch.com/Data_Com_Basics/data_com_tutorial.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Relational_operator • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computing) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32-bit • http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO/core-formats.html

More Related