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Party Politics in Antebellum Ohio

Party Politics in Antebellum Ohio. Ohio votes, 1992-2004. Ohio votes, 1832-1844. Party politics. What is characteristic of a political party? What is a faction? How have party’s in Ohio developed and changed?. Party system theory.

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Party Politics in Antebellum Ohio

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  1. Party Politics in Antebellum Ohio

  2. Ohio votes, 1992-2004

  3. Ohio votes, 1832-1844

  4. Party politics • What is characteristic of a political party? • What is a faction? • How have party’s in Ohio developed and changed?

  5. Party system theory • Factions sort themselves into two distinct parties to address the urgent issues of the day • A crisis that cuts across party lines causes the major parties to fracture • A realignment of factions or interests into two “new” parties occurs

  6. Party system theory • 1st party system (1796-1814) • Federalist v Republican • 2nd party system (1832-1850) • Democrat v Whig • 3rd party system (1856-1890) • Republican v Democrat • 4th party system (1896-1932) • Republican v Democrat

  7. The 1st party system in Ohio

  8. Factors structuring politics in frontier Ohio • Arthur St. Clair, the Federalists, and the Northwest Ordinance • “court” faction • “country” faction • Settlement patterns

  9. Settlement patterns

  10. Ohio population, 1800

  11. The election of 1804 • Republicans sweep the election of state offices • Federalists destroyed as a state-wide entity, although they remain strong in the southeast and individual Federalist gain office • Run-up to the War of 1812 pushes all Ohioans into pro-War, Republican camp

  12. An “era of good feelings”? • In most counties, factional politics comes to fore • “Party” as an organizing principle nearly disappears • Republicans dominated state politics until sectional crisis of 1820 • Republican block began to fracture before the Jacksonian revolution • National Republicans (followers of John Q. Adams)

  13. The 2nd party system in Ohio

  14. The “founder” of the “second party system” • Old Hickory • His issues • The Bank • “Rotation” • Patronage • Spoils system • The courts • Was he a demagogue or potential dictator?

  15. The second “founder” • Henry Clay • The American System • Domestic improvements. • Tariffs. • Class concord rather than conflict. • Respectability.

  16. Voter participation in Ohio

  17. The election of 1828

  18. Party strongholds 1828

  19. Ohio votes, 1832-1844

  20. Characteristics • Few “swing” counties (5/75). • Handful of marginal counties (10/75). • Victory hinged upon • Uniting party factions • Building party organization. • Turnout. • The more things change, the more they stay the same.

  21. The 3rd party system in Ohio

  22. The 3rd Party System • Collapse of the Whig party over sectional differences • Consolidation of the anti-Democrats into the Fusion party (1854) in response to Kansas-Nebraska Act • Whigs, Free Soil • Creation of the Republican party

  23. Presidential elections

  24. Gubernatorial elections

  25. Thomas Corwin1794-1865 • An attorney, raised in Lebanon Ohio • Five terms in House • Governor, 1840-1842 • Senate, 1844-1850 • Popular orator (Wagon Boy), anti-War Whig, anti-slavery but sought to preserve the Union during 1858-1860 • Ambassador to Mexico

  26. Sources • Donald Ratcliffe, The Politics of Long Division. The Birth of the Second Party System in Ohio (Columbus: OSU Press, 2000). • Donald Ratcliffe, Party Politics in Frontier Ohio. Democratic Politics in Ohio, 1793-1821 (Columbus: OSU Press, 1998). • Stephen Maizlish, The Rise of American Democracy (Kent State University Press, 1988).

  27. Internet resources • http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/ohgovernment/governors/index.html • http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/

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