1 / 36

Q.O.T.D.

Q.O.T.D. Q: What does coffee do to your body? Go ask Alice – Columbia University. Chemistry of the cell. Biology 11. Chapter 2 Please read pages: 32-42. Life is organic!. Organic compounds are Carbon (C) based compounds.

hafwen
Télécharger la présentation

Q.O.T.D.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Q.O.T.D. • Q: What does coffee do to your body? • Go ask Alice – Columbia University

  2. Chemistry of the cell Biology 11 Chapter 2 Please read pages: 32-42

  3. Life is organic! • Organic compounds are Carbon (C) based compounds. • Living things (including cells) are composed of the following types of organic compounds: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

  4. Periodic Table

  5. Hydrogen

  6. Oxygen

  7. Carbon

  8. Carbohydrates • Sugars and starches • Used for energy (example = glucose) and structural parts of cells (example = cellulose) • Contain the following elements: C, H & O • Always have a 2:1 ratio of H:O

  9. Monosaccharides • Building blocks = monosaccharides examples: glucose, fructose, galactose • Monosaccharides are also known as single sugars. • Molecular formula = C6H12O6

  10. Monosaccharides continued… • Structural formula for glucose: Note: the “ring” thing

  11. Disaccharides • Disaccharides are double sugars. • Molecular formula = C12H22O11 • Examples: • Maltose = glucose + glucose • Lactose = glucose + galactose • Sucrose = glucose + fructose Notice the “ose” trend???

  12. How do you build a disaccharide? • Dehydration synthesis:

  13. Dehydration synthesis • Is the building of a larger, more complex compound by the removal of a water molecule from two smaller, less complex compounds. (an anabolic process) A + B  AB + H2O

  14. Hydrolysis • The reverse process of dehydration synthesis. • The breaking down of a larger more complex compound into two smaller less complex compounds by the addition of a water molecule. (a catabolic process) AB + H2O  A + B

  15. Biochemistry Video • Frozen Frogs

  16. Polysaccharides • Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates • Examples = cellulose, starch, glycogen and chitin

  17. Exoskeletons are made of chitin!

  18. Lipids • Fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids and steroids • Contain elements C, H & O • Do not dissolve in water!

  19. Uses of Lipids: • Long term energy storage • FYI - 1g of lipid contains 2.25X as much energy as 1g of carbohydrate! • Cushioning of internal organs • Hormones (estrogens, testosterone) • Cell membrane (phospholipids)

  20. Lipids • Building blocks = glycerol + fatty acids Fatty acid Glycerol

  21. Let’s build a triglyceride!

  22. Saturated vs. Unsaturated

  23. Q.O.T.D. • Q: What is ear wax and why is it produced in the human body? • A: Ear wax a.k.a. cerumen • It is produced by two different types of glands in the ear • It is composed of: • Skin cells and keratin • Fatty acids • Alcohol • Cholesterol • Functions include: • Natural cleanser • Protects the ear • Anti-bacterial / anti-fungal properties • Contains lysozyme and has a low pH

  24. Discussion Questions • Compare and contrast dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. • Give some examples of complex carbohydrates. • How could a cell get usable energy from starch or glycogen? • Explain how and where lipids are formed. • What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?

  25. Nitrogen

  26. ProteiNs • Contain elements C, H, O & N (nitrogen!) • Examples: feathers, wool, silk, hormones (example = insulin), hemoglobin, enzymes, membrane proteins, pigments…

  27. Amino acids • Building blocks of proteins = Amino Acids • General formula: R = variable, differs for each of the 20 AA’s

  28. Language of proteins Dipeptides – two amino acids bonded together Polypeptides – long chains of amino acids bonded together Peptide bonds – covalent bonds formed between amino acids (by dehydration synthesis!)

  29. Cystic Fibrosis • Cracking the Code of Life

  30. Summary questions • How would you be able to identify a carbohydrate, from a lipid, from a protein? • Compare and contrast: • carbohydrate & lipid • lipid & protein • carbohydrate & protein

  31. Probe tomorrow… are you ready?! • #1 What are the building blocks of carbohydrates, give an example. • #2 How / where are polypeptides built? • #3 List two functions of lipids. • #4 What are the components of a triglyceride?

  32. Q.O.T.D. • Q: Why is horseshoe crab blood blue? • A: They do not have hemoglobin, they have hemocyanin. • Benefits of blue blood – NGM • Blood clots in the presence of endotoxins (which are produced by harmful bacteria) • Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) • 1 quart of horseshoe crab blood is worth ~$15 000!

  33. Interesting facts about the… • Horeshoe crab! • http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080131-oldest-crab.html • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/?p=6442 • Too cute!!! • Horeshoe crab! • http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080131-oldest-crab.html • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/?p=6442 • Too cute!!!

  34. Cell Chemistry Essay • Step One – Do you know the vocabulary? • Use your glossary / chapters 1 & 2 • Step Two – Organize the terms • Protein words, lipid words, and carb. words • Step Three – Write paragraphs • Don’t just define words… • Step Four – Introduction and conclusion • Welcome and wrap up…

  35. Mrs. Cobb’s M&M guilt - rationalized?? • Ingredients: • Sucrose (sugar) • Lactose (milk sugar) • Glucose (corn syrup) • Cocoa butter • Carnauba wax • Peanuts • Protein • Peanut oil

More Related