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Understanding Neurons: Structure, Function, and Associated Disorders

This overview delves into the essential components of neurons, such as dendrites, cell bodies, axons, myelin, the initial segment, and synapses. Each part plays a critical role in transmitting signals within the nervous system. We also explore what can go wrong with these components, as evidenced by conditions like congenital analgesia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, diabetic neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Learn how these disorders impact neuronal function and overall health.

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Understanding Neurons: Structure, Function, and Associated Disorders

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  1. Do Now: What can go wrong? 4. _______________ 1. _____________ 2. ______________ 5. _______________ 3. _____________ 6. _____________

  2. Quick Review – Neuron Parts & Function 4. Axon – send signals electrically and provides transportation route 4. _______________ 1. _____________ 1. Dendrites – receive signals 2. Cell Body – maintains cell life 2. ______________ 5. Myelin – insulate axon 5. _______________ 3. Initial Segment – process inputs 3. _____________ 6. _____________ 6. Synapse – send signals chemically

  3. What can go wrong? 4. Axon – send signals electrically and provides transportation route 1. Dendrites – receive signals 2. Cell Body – maintains cell life 5. Myelin – insulate axon 3. Initial Segment – process inputs 6. Synapse – send signals chemically

  4. Gabby – Congenital analgesia Normal Patient Gabby X X

  5. Mitchell – Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) nucleus HSP defects with Kinesin synapse

  6. Albert – Diabetic Neuropathy

  7. Allison – Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease (CMTD) Champagne Legs Defects with Peripheral Myelin

  8. Maria – Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

  9. Yumiko – Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

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