Industrial Revolution: The Transformation of Manufacturing with Machines

1. The North http://youtu.be/3Efq-aNBkvc

2. Industrial Revolution • Most people were farmers • Made goods by hand • Industrial revolution: rapid growth in manufacturing using machines • Textiles: cloth items • Begins in Britain and moves to U.S. • Machines use water power

3. Population growth • Creates a demand for goods

4. Eli Whitney • Textile mills were located in the North • South concentrated on expanding farming • Eli Whitney: How to make guns faster? Interchangeable Parts!!

5. Interchangeable parts • Interchangeable parts: parts of a machine that are identical • Easier to assemble • Easier to replace broken parts • Sped up production of goods • Mass Production: the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods • Things no longer needed to be made by hand!

6. Britain is the first to industrialize • Make cheep goods • U.S. – want to rely less on foreign goods. We were too dependent of foreign goods • We need to be able to meet our own needs • Don’t want to be week and open to attack • “With Peace and Commerce, America Prospers.” • High tariffs on foreign goods

7. Changes in Working Life • You didn’t need to be a craftsman, anyone could work in the mill • Children, adults, sometimes whole families worked in a mill • Read page 391

8. Lowell System • Lowell was a businessman from New England • Lowell system was based on water power • Textile mills • Employed young unmarried women • Spin thread and weave cloth at the same time • Boarding houses, and meals • Women wanted a chance to earn money

9. Workers Organize • Long days, 12-14 hours • Health problems • Dangerous • Children • Low wages • http://youtu.be/u-PSRAA5oD4

10. Beginning of Trade Unions • Craftspeople felt threatened • Factories produced low priced goods • Trade Unions: groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions • Employers: higher cost of union employees prevented competition • Strike: Workers refuse to work • Most early strikes were not successful • Why?

11. Labor Reform Efforts • Sarah G. Bagley: founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association • Publicized the struggles of factory laborers • Investigation of working conditions • 10 hour workday • 1845 Sarah Bagley was elected vice president of the New England Working Men’s Association

12. The Transportation Revolution • Transportation Revolution: A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel • Creates a boom in business • Shipping time and costs • Steamboat • Steam powered trains • Goods, people and information could move rapidly and efficiently across the U.S.

13. Steamboats • Robert Fulton • Well suited for river travel • Did not rely on wind power • Could travel upstream • Increased trade = more profits • By 1840 more than 500 steamboats were in use

14. Railroads • Peter Cooper built a small, powerful locomotive called the Tom Thumb

15. Challenges • Mountains, curves, rivers • Drove the economy • Steel • Coal • Timber • Transportation • Freight/goods/food • Risky: trains often derailed and their were fires

16. Wealth continued to be centered in the North • Towns sprang up • Cities grew • Demand for coal increases which drives mining • http://youtu.be/xwU35U_aGP0 • http://www.msha.gov/fatals/fabc2013.asp • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coal_mining_accidents_in_China • http://worldnews.about.com/od/disasters/tp/Worlds-Worst-Mining-Disasters.htm

17. Promote a New Product • Come up with a jingle • http://youtu.be/O6Ky6NXMUJo