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Forms of Energy

Forms of Energy. Mechanical Chemical Electrical. Forms of Energy. Mechanical - the energy an object has from its motion or its potential . a. kinetic - an object in motion b. potential - a result of position or ability to perform work. Forms of Energy.

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Forms of Energy

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  1. Forms of Energy • Mechanical • Chemical • Electrical

  2. Forms of Energy • Mechanical- the energy an object has from its motion or its potential. • a. kinetic- an object in motion • b. potential- a result of position or ability to perform work

  3. Forms of Energy • Chemical- released in a chemical reaction, often forms heat • Batteries • Biomass • Petroleum • Explosives • Food

  4. Forms of Energy • Electrical- energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor • ELECTRICITY!!!

  5. Ways to Get Electricity Nonrenewable • Fossil Fuels (natural gas, coal, oil) • Nuclear (uranium) Renewable • Hydroelectricity • Wind • Tidal • Geothermal • Solar • Biomass

  6. So What Exactly Is Electricity? Electricity by definition is electric current that is used as a power source! This electric current is generated in a power plant, and then sent out over a power grid to your homes, and ultimately to your power outlets.

  7. What is an electric current? An electric current is a flow of microscopic particles called electrons flowing through wires and components. - + In which direction does the current flow? from the Negative terminal to the Positive terminal of a cell.

  8. So How Is An Electric Current Generated? Electric current generation - whether from fossil fuels, nuclear, renewable fuels, or other sources is usually based on the: Simple Equation For Electricity Generation

  9. Simple Electric Generator So simple electric generators found in power plants contain, magnets and copper wire that when put into motion relative to one another create the electric current that is sent out to homes. The major problem in electricity generation Is where does the Motion come from that keeps the copper wire and magnets moving relative to one another. Movement In GENERATOR Turbine In this case, wind power applies a force to the blades that turns them. The spinning blades, spin an armature that turns the copper wire relative to the magnetic field. As long as the blades spin, electricity will be generated!

  10. What Happens At Home? At home, electric current that was generated by generators in the power plant is used to power electric appliances. Movement out GENERAOTR The electric current, running through the copper wire causes the armature to spin which is how most motors generate motion.

  11. Current Electricity • Negative to positive • Circuit = continuous loop for electrons to flow • Circuits Need: • energy supply (battery) • Energy user-LOAD (bulb, phone charger, microwave) • Conductor (wire)

  12. simple circuits When the switch is closed, the lamp lights up. This is because there is a continuous path of metal for the electric current to flow around. If there were any breaks in the circuit, the current could not flow.

  13. Open & Closed Circuits Open current stops the flow of electrons (turn light switch off) Closed circuit allows the circuit to be complete and then they can flow (turn light switch on)

  14. Electricity D.C. Direct Current A.C. Alternating Current

  15. Direct Current • If the voltage is maintained between two points in a circuit, charge will flow in one direction - from high to low potential. This is called directcurrent or DC. • Battery-powered circuits are DC circuits.

  16. Alternating Current • If the high & low voltage terminals switch locations periodically, the current will flow “back and forth”in the circuit. This is called alternating current or AC. • Circuits powered by electrical outlets are AC circuits. • AC is a better choice for electricity.

  17. AC vs. DC • AC has at least three advantages over DC in a power distribution grid: • 1. The voltage can be changed in an alternating current system to transfer energy more efficiently. • 2. Transformers must have alternating current to operate, and we will see that the power distribution grid depends on transformers. • 3. It is easy to convert AC to DC but expensive to convert DC to AC, so if you were going to pick one or the other AC would be the better choice.

  18. AC vs. DC • Advantages of DC over AC • - reduction of noise and a reduction of danger. DC will not interfere with wireless devices or create that annoying hum in sound devices and is far less lethal than AC current. • - Energy can be stored

  19. What is electrical resistance? Resistance (R)is the opposition to the flow of an electric current, causing the electrical energy to be converted to thermal energy or light. The metal which makes up a light bulb filament or stovetop eye has a high electrical resistance. This causes light and heat to be given off.

  20. The unit for measuring resistance is the ohm (Ω). Like a Fire Hose Like a Garden Hose

  21. *Electric Conductors* Something that allows electrical or thermal(heat) energy to pass easily *Without them, we would not be able to transmit electricity!!! • Metals- copper, gold, silver, aluminum • Water

  22. Insulator Something that does NOT allow thermal energy to pass easily Such as: plastic, rubber, wood, glass

  23. *types of circuit* There are two types of electrical circuits; SERIES CIRCUITS PARALLEL CIRCUITS

  24. SERIES CIRCUITS The components are connected end-to-end, one after the other. *They make a simple loop for the current to flow round. If one bulb ‘blows’ it breaks the whole circuit and all the bulbs go out.

  25. PARALLEL CIRCUITS The components are connected side by side. *The current has a choice of routes. If one bulb ‘blows’ there is still be a complete circuit to the other bulb so it stays alight.

  26. Electricity and Magnetism – how are they related? When an electric current passes through a wire a magnetic field is formed.

  27. What is an electromagnet? When an 1. electric current is passed through a 2. coil of wire wrapped around a 3.metal core (iron), a very strong magnetic field is produced. This is called an electromagnet. **Adding more coils of wire, makes the magnet STRONGER!

  28. NON-RENEWABLE Cannot be replaced or takes to long to replace Harmful effect to the environment

  29. Fossil Fuels

  30. total world production in 1996 of petroleum is 62,239e3 barrels / day • an average well in the US produces only 11 barrels / day • In Saudi Arabia an average well produces 9600 barrels /day Oil Drilling Platform Cook Inlet, Alaska

  31. How do fossil fuels create motion?

  32. Fossil Fuels • Once used up takes MANY, MANY years (longer than our lifetime) to replenish that’s why we call them non-renewable • 3 types • Coal • Oil • Natural Gas

  33. *Fossil Fuels* • Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons found within the top layer of the earth’s crust.  • Formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals(dinosaurs) by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years.

  34. They use up valuable and limited natural resources • They can produce a lot of pollution-When coal, natural gas or oil are burned, they release gases into the atmosphere:

  35. *Carbon Cycle*

  36. Carbon Cycle • In the atmosphere(air), carbon is attached to some oxygen in a gas called carbon dioxide (CO2). • Plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) and sunlight to make their own food and grow(in photosynthesis). • The carbon becomes part of the plant. Plants that die and are buried may turn into fossil fuels made of carbon like coal and oil over millions of years. • Living organisms are made mostly of Carbon(C) atoms; therefore, when they die, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air. • When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

  37. Disadvantages of using FOSSIL FUELS • Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a "greenhouse gas" that traps heat in the lowest part of the earth's atmosphere, is released when we burn fossil fuels. This contributes to "global warming"

  38. This is the energy stored in the bonds inside atoms and molecules. When nuclear energy is released, it can emit radioactivity and heat (thermal energy) as well. Nuclear

  39. RENEWABLE Inexhaustible, never run out, easily replaced in a short time Often less harmful to the environment

  40. 1. Wind Power Wind power is produced by using wind generators to harness the kinetic energy of wind. Only provides less than one percent of global energy consumption.

  41. 2. Solar • Energy radiates from the sun and the light rays can be captured with photovoltaics and semiconductors. • Mirrors can be used to concentrate the power, and the sun’s heat is also a thermal source.

  42. 3. Geothermal Heat from the Earth It's clean and sustainable. From the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.

  43. Hydroelectric power

  44. Produced by • Using 4. water to turn a turbine to generate electrical • Hydro=water • Most hydroelectric power plants have a dam and a reservoir(man-made lake).

  45. Hydro Dam

  46. Tidal Power • Tidal energy is produced through the use of tidal energy generators. • These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high tidal movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and surging of ocean tides in order to produce electricity.

  47. Now back to the major question! • How does the power distribution grid work?

  48. Power Plant • power plant consists of a spinning electricalgenerator.

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