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Information, Decision Support…

Information, Decision Support…. Decision Making and Problem Solving Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems. Chapter 9. Decision Making and Problem Solving. Key Terms Decision making Problem solving

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Information, Decision Support…

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  1. Information, Decision Support… • Decision Making and Problem Solving • Management Information Systems • Decision Support Systems • Group Decision Support Systems • Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems • Chapter 9

  2. Decision Making and Problem Solving • Key Terms • Decision making • Problem solving • Programmed decisions • Non-programmed decisions • Optimization model • Heuristics

  3. Decision Making & Problem Solving Process Potential Problems and opportunities are identified and defined Alternative solutions to the problem are developed Select a course of action Solution put into effect Evaluate the implementation

  4. Decision Types • Programmed decisions • Structured situations with well defined relationships • Quantifiable • Non-programmed decisions • Ill-structured situations with vague or changing relationships between variables • Not easily quantifiable in advance

  5. Optimization and Heuristic • Optimization Model: find the best solution, helping individuals or organizations meet goals. • Heuristics:commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution, but not necessarily the optimal solution

  6. Management Information Systems • Key terms • Management Information System (MIS) • Business Intelligence • Scheduled report • Demand report • Exception report • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System

  7. Management Information Systems (MIS) • MIS ~ used to support programmed decisions made in response to structured problems. • Primary purpose is to help individuals and organizations achieve goals by providing reports and information used to make better decisions.

  8. MIS Input and Output

  9. MIS Reporting System • This MIS reporting system puts many kinds of real-time information at managers’ fingertips to aid decision making.

  10. Reports • Key Indicator Report • Demand Reports • Exception Reports

  11. Reports • Scheduled Reports are produced periodically on a schedule; daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annually, etc. • Demand Reports are developed to get certain information at a person’s request. • Exception Reports are automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires action.

  12. Reports, Reports, Reports

  13. MIS Reports

  14. Enterprise Resource Planning • ERP: integrates all data processing in an enterprise into one unified system that draws from a common database system.

  15. Benefits and drawbacks of ERP

  16. Decision Support Systems • Key Terms • Decision Support System • What-if analysis • Goal-seeking analysis

  17. Decision Support Systems • A decision support system (DSS) is an information system used to support problem-specific decision making.

  18. Characteristics • Handles a range of data from small to large. • Obtains and processes data from different sources. • Provides report and presentation flexibility • Analysis and Comparisons • Optimization & Heuristic approaches • What-if analysis

  19. Characteristics ~ What If? • What-if analysis is the process of making hypothetical changes to problem data and observing the impact on the results.

  20. Goal-seeking • Goal-seeking analysis is the process of determining what problem data is required for a given result. What must be done in order to safely withdraw troops within a year?

  21. Characteristics ~ Simulation • Simulation uses chance or probability.

  22. Information System Relationships

  23. Group Decision Support Systems • Key Terms • Group decision support system (GDSS) • Groupware

  24. Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) • A GDSS or computerized collaborative work system is designed to provide effective support in group decision-making settings. A GDSS is flexible, supports anonymous input, and reduces negative group dynamics

  25. Characteristics of a GDSS • Flexibility • Support for anonymous input • Reduction of negative group behavior • Support of positive group behavior

  26. Groupware • GDSS software, called groupware, helps with joint work group scheduling, communication, and management. www.webex.com www.genesys.com www.gotomeeting.com

  27. Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems • Key Terms • Knowledge Management System • Geographic information system (GIS) • Informatics

  28. Knowledge Management System • A knowledge management (KM) system assists an organization in capturing, storing, and distributing knowledge for use and reuse by the organization and sometimes by its partners and customers.

  29. Geographic Information Systems • A geographic information system (GIS)is capable of storing, manipulating, and displaying geographic or special information, including maps of locations or regions around the world.

  30. Informatics • Informatics combines traditional disciplines, like science and medicine, with computer systems and technology.

  31. Chapter 9 Questions?

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