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Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Hiroshima & Nagasaki. Postdam Declaration. July 26, 1945 – “We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconstitutional surrender of all Japanese armed forces…the alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.”. Little Boy & the Enola Gay. Enola Gay – B-29 bomber

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Hiroshima & Nagasaki

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  1. Hiroshima & Nagasaki

  2. Postdam Declaration July 26, 1945 – “We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconstitutional surrender of all Japanese armed forces…the alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.”

  3. Little Boy & the Enola Gay • Enola Gay – B-29 bomber • Piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets, Jr. & 11 crew • Bomb was activated after it was released & took 45 seconds to explode 1900 feet above Hiroshima • “I knew we did the right thing… I thought, yes, we’re going to kill a lot of people, but by God we’re going to save lives.” • Little Boy – uranium bomb • Weighs 9,700 pounds • 10 feet tall • Equal to 200,000 regular bombs

  4. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 • Winds – shock wave went 7 miles in 30 seconds • Damage over 25 miles • Industrial City • Bomb – ball of fire spread 3 miles, temperature over 5,000F – Everything within one mile vaporized

  5. Fat Man & Nagasaki • August 9, 1945 – industrial ship building city for Japanese navy • Fat Boy – plutonium A-bomb – much bigger • Exploded at 1,800 ft • Mountains helped to limit destruction

  6. Aftermath • More than 90% of buildings in Hiroshima destroyed • After the initial blast – nuclear fallout- radioactive particles are carried for miles • 45,000 killed by immediate blast in Hiroshima & 22,000 in Nagasaki – thousands more die of other injuries • Black Rain – 30 mins after the bomb, black, sticky rain fell and spread radioactive material to more people • Radiation released enters the cells of a body and can kill days, weeks, months, or years after the bombing

  7. Survivors - Hibakusha • Suffered from radiation burns, people’s bones melted inside their bodies, radiation poisoning, disfigured • No medical attention • Radiation Sickness – hair loss, bleeding in the gums & under skin, weight loss, diarrhea – start dying within 10 days • Cancer – leukemia… “Red spots appeared on my body, my throat hurt, I couldn’t eat, I had a temperature, my gums bled, and my hair fell out. For twenty days I remained in bed, on the verge of death.” – MikisoIwasa, Hiroshima survivor

  8. Japanese Surrender • August 15, 1945 V-J Day “The United States has begun to employ a new and most cruel bomb, the power of which to damage is, indeed, incalculable, taking the toll of many innocent lives.” – Emperor Hirohito to Japanese people • Sept. 15th, signing of surrender aboard the U.S.S. Missouri

  9. Rebuilding • U.S. aid workers & soldiers went to help rebuild afterwards • Peace Memorial Park • Hibakusha – survivors faced discrimination due to disfigured • Hiroshima Maidens – 25 Hiroshima survivors were brought to NYC to have 127 operations to help improve the disfigurement “Because of my disfigured face, people often threw stones at me and mocked me, saying, ‘A monster is coming!” – Yamaoka Michiko

  10. Resources Books: • Hiroshima by Stewart Ross • The Manhattan Project by Dan Elish • Why did Hiroshima Happen? by R.G. Grant HBO Documentary: White Light, Black Rain Websites: www.city.nagasaki.lg.jp/peace/english/kids/higai.html www.ducksters.com/history/world_war_ii/ww2_atomic_bomb.php http://atomicbombmuseum.org

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