1. V V a a P P C C r r Z Z r r s s O O Y Y o o X X ut un

2. m m m Fg Fg Fg Fg Fg Fg M M M r r r

3. V Fnet P Fg m Z Z r r m O O Y Y X X

4. V Fnet Fg P m Z Z r r O O m Y Y X X

5. V Fnet P m Z r O Y X r Z Z’ Moving frame O O ’ Y Y’ X X’ Inertial frame

6. Fg m r m M M rm rM Z Z Z’ Z’ O O Y Y Y’ Y’ X X X’ X’

7. rrel r o ro O Q P Z Z k Moving frame Moving frame j z y X X i Y Y Inertial frame Inertial frame x

8. Earth axis of rotation z’ P rrel Z z Greenish meridian y o y’ x Y  Equator X θg Λ x’

9. R1 Z O Y X m1 m1 m1 G F12 r r F21 RG m2 m2 m2 R2 v v vr m2 r m2 r  m1 e m1

10. B rB b  r O f r+dr vr v v  = /2  Apse line f f ra rp

11. S/C Perigee  f

12. Line of nodes Perigee f  Ellipse focus Periapsis P f Latus rectum

13. Earth’s north polar axis e Z S/C Perigee i  v h r  Earth’s equatorial plane Y Ascending node X   Node line

14. v Semilatus rectum  v vr r Periapse f

15. Asymptote Asymptote Vacant orbit  M  b    Apse line P F C A F’ Empty focus rp a a |ra| II I

16. 1 b O f 2 ae a