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702-710 Create a timeline of events leading to the end of World War II.

702-710 Create a timeline of events leading to the end of World War II. Trinity Test of the Atomic Bomb 7/1945 Explosive force = over 20,000 tons of TNT Cloud column reached 70,000 feet. Radiation levels at dangerous levels 40 miles away Farm houses 3 miles from ground zero damaged

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702-710 Create a timeline of events leading to the end of World War II.

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  1. 702-710 • Create a timeline of events leading • to the end of World War II.

  2. Trinity Test of the Atomic Bomb 7/1945 • Explosive force = over 20,000 tons of TNT • Cloud column reached 70,000 feet. • Radiation levels at dangerous levels 40 miles away • Farm houses 3 miles from ground zero damaged • Blinded at 6 miles by the flash • Flash seen 120 miles away, and heard 150 miles • Air concussion blast covered a ten mile area • in 40 seconds • Welders goggles necessary to watch the blast • At ground zero, it turned the sand to glass and • vaporized the steel tower and concrete base!!

  3. Trinity Test Site – Los Alamos, New Mexico

  4. Timeline • Brainstorm details and information about your assigned event and write down the details in your notebook. (10-12 minutes). • Each group will present their information to the class while students add the events to their own timeline.

  5. World War II • Unilateral Interventionism – where a single nation acts independently of others against a foreign threat. • Multilateral Interventionism – a group of nations join to act on a foreign policy matter.

  6. Operation Torch • British and American troops landed in North Africa (Algeria & French Morocco) under General Eisenhower 11/8/42. • Allied troops forced the Axis surrender by May of 1943 at Battle of El Alamein. • The plan was to establish a foothold in North Africa and then invade Italy under General Montgomery and Patton. • By August, 1943 Allies held Sicily and began the invasion of the rest of Italy.

  7. Casablanca Meeting – 1/1943 Allied leaders (from left) French General Henri Giraud, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, French General Charles de Gaulle, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at the Casablanca Conference, January 1943

  8. Casablanca Wartime Meeting • The success of Operation Torch pleased the British, however, was not enough to satisfy the U.S. or the Soviets. • In January, 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill met to demand the “unconditional surrender” of Italy, Germany and Japan. • In October of 1943, FDR and Churchill met with Stalin in Tehran, Iran (called the Tehran Conference) promising to invade France within six months. • Differences emerge: • FDR pushed for self-determination on nations throughout Europe. • Churchill wanted specific spheres of influence in Europe. • Stalin wanted control of all of Eastern Europe as a buffer zone. • Tehran Conference 10/1943

  9. Operation Overlord (D-Day) 6/6/1944

  10. Operation Overlord (D-Day) • June 6, 1944 U.S. and British troops landed in Normandy in France. • Called the “Longest Day in History” and included: • Six Divisions landing from 4,000 landing craft. • Dozens of warships, 12,000 planes for air support. • Landed 500,000 troops on the beach, and an additional 100,000 behind enemy lines. • Allies liberated Paris on August 25, 1944, German’s retreated. D-Day

  11. Battle of Leyte Gulf 10/1944 Leyte Gulf

  12. Battle of Leyte Gulf • October, 1944 this battle was the result of General MacArthur’s strategy of “island-hopping”. • By invading Leyte Island in the middle of the Philippines, MacArthur destroyed Japan’s offensive war capability. • U.S. sank four Japanese battleships, four carriers and 10 cruisers. • Particularly important victory for the U.S. since MacArthur is able to return to the Philippines after the Japanese forced U.S. troops to retreat earlier. Leyte Gulf Island- hopping

  13. Battle of the Bulge 12/16/1944

  14. Battle of the Bulge • December, 1944 Hitler made a final offensive attempt to break through Allied lines in the Ardennes Forest in Belgium. • Germans drove a 50 mile “bulge” in Allied lines, but never was a serious threat. • Hitler hoped to split the U.S. and British troops and capture the Belgian port of Antwerp. • The drive failed when German troops ran out of supplies and fuel and had to retreat. • By April of 1945, the Allies had met in Berlin at the Elbe River. • Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945 and Germany surrenders May 8, 1945 known as “V-E Day”. Battle of the Bulge

  15. Battle of the Bulge • After the Battle of the Bulge, the Allies begin to liberate the Nazi Death Camps witness the horrors of the Holocaust. • Evidence showed how Hitler’s private army within the Nazi Party (the SS) were practicing genocide to rid Europe of all Jews. • At camps such as Auschwitz and Treblinka, the SS carried out the executions of over six million Jews and over one million Poles, Gypsies and any others who did not “fit”. • Prisoners were shipped by cattle train or on forced marches. Battle of the Bulge Concentration Camps

  16. Yalta Conference 2/4/1945 Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula “The Big Three” - Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta

  17. The Yalta Conference • February, 1945 FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta in the Ukraine to discuss plans for the post war world. • Stalin pledged to join the war against Japan within 3 months of the defeat of Germany. • Stalin was vague in his plans for Eastern Europe while FDR pushed for self determination there. • Stalin also agreed to participate in a United Nations. • Critics of FDR argue that he “gave” Stalin Eastern Europe by not forcing free elections.

  18. Trinity Test 7/16/1945

  19. The Trinity Test • July of 1945 at Los Alamos, New Mexico the first test of the Atomic Bomb was conducted. • The test demonstrated the destructive power of the bomb and now it was up to President Truman to decide to use the bomb on Japan. • FDR had died in April of 1945, and had not discussed the secret Manhattan Project with Truman before his death. Edward Teller

  20. Potsdam Declaration 7/26/1945 • Churchill, Stalin and Truman met to discuss • the future or Germany: • Move Germans out of Eastern Europe. • Move Poland’s border 100 miles to the • west. • They also discussedterms for surrender for • Japan and that the US would dominate • Japan’s future. • Japan’s response was so cautious, it was • viewed as a rejection. • Secretary of State James Byrnes urged • Truman to use the bomb on Japan. • The deadly kamikaze pilots also showed • Japanwould fight to the death. • Truman ordered the use of the atomic bomb • on Japan to end the war.

  21. Bombing of Hiroshima, Japan 8/6/1945

  22. Bombing of Hiroshima • On August 6, 1945 Colonial Paul Tibbits, pilot of the Enola Gay, dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. • August 9, 1945 a second Atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. • Japan ceased hostilities on August 14, 1945 and finally surrendered on September 2, 1945 on the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay. • Referred to a “V-J Day”. • Some have argued the necessity of using the bomb to end the war. Hiroshima, Japan

  23. 1. Operation Torch 11/8/1942 • 2. Casablanca Meeting 1/1943 • Operation Overlord 6/6/1944 • Battle of Leyte Gulf 10/1944 • Battle of the Bulge 12/16/1944 • Yalta Conference 2/4/1945 • Trinity Test 7/16/1945 • Potsdam Declaration 7/26/1945 • Bombing of Hiroshima, Japan 8/6/1945

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