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Ideological Shifts in 19th Century Europe: From Nationalism to Socialism

This text explores the evolution of political ideologies in 19th century Europe, focusing on key movements such as liberalism, conservatism, socialism (both utopian and Marxist), and nationalism. It examines critical events like the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the 1848 revolutions across France, Germany, the Habsburg Empire, and Italy, and the unification efforts in Italy led by figures like Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi. The rise of Prussia under Otto von Bismarck also plays a significant role in this transformative period.

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Ideological Shifts in 19th Century Europe: From Nationalism to Socialism

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  1. ideologies (secular belief systems) liberalism conservatism (Congress of Vienna, 1815: legitimacy) socialism (utopian and scientific/Marxist/revolutionary) nationalism (can become patriotism and jingoism) democracy 1848 revolutions (France, Germany, Habsburg empire, Italy) Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon III, 1852-1870) Frankfurt parliament Risorgimento Sardinia-Piedmont Realpolitik Camillo di Cavour (1810-1861) Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) Prussia Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)

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